HISTORY: Ing ‘Doc’ Hay is dead
https://oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/ing-39doc39-hay-c-1890/#.Wus7_ogvyM8
Ing ‘Doc’ Hay, c. 1890
This portrait of the Chinese doctor Ing Hay was taken when he was nineteen years old. Doc Hay, as he was best known, was a prominent medical practitioner in the eastern Oregon town of John Day for more than sixty years.
Ing Hay was born in Taishan County, Guangdong Province, in 1862. He came from a long line of herbalists and likely learned traditional Chinese medicine from family members. In the 1870s five of Ing’s uncles emigrated to the United States in search of opportunity. Ing and his father soon followed, probably arriving in the U.S. in 1883, a year after Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act.
In 1885 Ing and his father moved to Walla Walla, which had a thriving Chinese community. Ing’s father returned to China in 1887, but Ing remained in the United States. He relocated to John Day, where he became acquainted with a fellow Chinese immigrant by the name of Lung On. Ing Hay and Lung On would become lifelong friends and business partners.
In September 1888, Ing Hay and Lung On opened a store in the Kam Wah Chung building, a stone structure probably built in the late 1860s as a trading post and temporary fort along The Dalles Military Road. Catering primarily to the large Chinese community in John Day, Kam Wah Chung & Co. sold goods imported from China as well as canned food, bulk goods, tobacco, and other items to white miners and residents of John Day. It also served as a social center and hiring hall for eastern Oregon’s Chinese community.
In addition to the general store, Ing Hay practiced traditional Chinese medicine. He specialized in herbalism and pulsology, a technique that measures the pulse to diagnose medical problems. He became widely known for his ability to cure diseases that baffled American-trained doctors, and both whites and Chinese would travel from throughout the region to visit the modest office of the “China doctor.” When the Kam Wah Chung building was reopened in the late 1960s after being boarded up for more than a decade, over 500 herbs and other medicines were discovered, one of the largest collections of traditional Chinese medicine in the United States.
Ing Hay continued to practice medicine until 1948, when he retired to a nursing home in Portland. He died in 1952 at the age of eighty-nine. He is buried in the Restlawn Cemetery in John Day.
Further Reading:
Barlow, Jeffrey G. and Christine Richardson. China Doctor of John Day. Portland, Oreg., 1979.
McCunn, Ruthanne Lum. Chinese American Portraits: Personal Histories, 1828-1988. San Francisco, Calif., 1988.
Written by Cain Allen, © Oregon Historical Society, 2005.
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/21735924/ing-hay
Ing Doc Hay
Born in Walla Walla, Washington, per his death certificate and in Canton China from other sources. Famous herbal doctor “Doc” Hay; partner with Lung On in the Kam Wah Chung & Co., general store, in John Day, Grant County, Oregon, USA; Go to this link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6yId_j75Nw
The Kam Wah Chung site was designated a National Historic Site in 2005.
By Angel Carpenter
Blue Mountain Eagle newspaper
July 28, 2010
JOHN DAY – Time stands still at the Kam Wah Chung State Heritage Site, where the rooms appear just as they were around the turn of the 20th century.
Oranges, dried with the passing of years, grace a Buddhist/Taoist altar; hundreds of small boxes of herbs and other Chinese medicines are neatly stacked; and containers of food sit on shelves, their contents left undisturbed.
On the walls are epigrams written in Chinese on red paper -one reads, “Good friends make good business; good business makes good friends.”
Kam Wah Chung, which translates “Golden Flower of Prosperity,” was the home and business operation of Ing “Doc” Hay and Lung On, who bought the building in 1885.
Gold was discovered in nearby Canyon City in 1862, and the area saw an influx of people who came to work in the mining industry, including Chinese immigrants.
In the heart of Chinatown in John Day stood Kam Wah Chung, a center of activity for the Chinese population of Grant County.
Hay and On, both born in 1862, had talents which enriched the community.
Doc Hay was widely known for his unique ability to cure diverse ailments.
It is believed he learned his trade in China as an apprentice, but he also kept medical books.
Pulsology was his method for diagnosing medical problems for his patients who included the local Chinese and white people, as well as those who traveled miles to see him.
The patient placed their wrist on a pillow while Doc Hay felt their pulse.
If the patient was well he would send them on their way saying, “Go home, and have a happy life.” But if a cure was needed he had everything at hand – a pinch of this, a sprinkle of that – which was then packaged in paper.
Instructions were given, and the patient would take the medicine home to make a tea, or for some wounds make a paste, to bring relief.
In 1936, one young newlywed from Burns visited Doc Hay with her mother who needed a treatment. The younger woman didn’t know she was pregnant, yet Doc Hay, after feeling her pulse, predicted that she would have multiples.
Several months later the young woman had triplets – two boys and one girl.
Uncashed checks totaling about $23,000 – which would have been worth about $250,000 today – were found under the mattress of Doc Hay’s bed.
Lung On had an entrepreneurial spirit, and ran about 12 businesses in his 50-plus years in John Day.
He ran a general store, housed in Kam Wah Chung. Besides food items and fireworks, alcohol and tobacco were his biggest sellers – typical of a gold rush town.
When the building was “rediscovered” in the 1970s after being closed up for at least 20 years, 95 bottles of whiskey were found boxed up under the floorboards.
In the room next to the general store, Lung On rented out four bunks at 25 cents for one week – three or four to a bunk.
He had the first car dealership in town – the Tourist Garage.
Other services he offered included reading and writing letters for people, selling catalog clothing and fortune telling.
With mining and other jobs available in the 1870-90s, the Chinese population in the area was about 2,000; however, only three to five of the 2,000 were women due to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which prevented Chinese men from bringing their families with them to the U.S.
As the local job market dried up in 1910, the Chinese population in the John Day/Canyon City area dwindled to less than 20.
Still, Doc Hay and Lung On stayed at Kam Wah Chung.
Both were married, their wives and children living in China.
Lung On’s wife once wrote, “It’s been over 30 years. Don’t you love me anymore? Why don’t you come home?”
Lung On died in 1940 at the age of 78. He insisted on being buried locally.
“I will always be an American,” he said.
Ing Hay suffered a broken hip in 1948 and moved to Portland to receive care. He died at the age of 89 and is buried next to Lung On in the John Day Cemetery on Valley View Drive.
The museum’s interpretive center is at 116 NW Bridge St.; to reach the building, turn north from Main Street to Canton Street, and travel half a block. The center is on the right across from the United Methodist Church. Kam Wah Chung is farther up the street within walking distance near the city park and Gleason Pool.
STEP INTO THE PAST:
Chinese Americans leave legacy
By Tina Cook
The Blue Mountain Eagle 9/26/2007
JOHN DAY – Grant County is filled with historical riches. One such treasure was left by two Chinese immigrants, who came to John Day, started several profitable businesses, offered services to the community and were respected by both cultures.
Lung On and Ing “Doc” Hay immigrated to America and found their way to Grant County during the gold rush era. They formed a partnership and leased the building that is now the Kam Wah Chung Museum in 1888. The building served as a Chinese trading post, a hang out for Chinese immigrants, an herbal medicine practice, a Buddhist temple and their home.
Chinese and caucasian patients alike sought “Doc” Hay’s expertise. His specialty was pulsology, diagnosing ailments by the strength and rhythm of a person’s pulse. He mixed and sold herbal medicine to cure patients from all over eastern and central Oregon. He became well-respected by many as the “China doctor of John Day.”
Hay broke his hip and spent his last four years at a retirement home in Portland. He went blind several years before he died at age 89, but he continued to practice medicine.
On, an entrepreneur, ran the general store. He sold merchandise shipped from China, tobacco, American-made foods and products, and even Western medicines. He kept the store stocked with merchandise that would appeal to his Chinese and American patrons.
Fluent in English and well-educated, he was considered an upperclassman in China. He served as a labor contractor for the white people and Chinese. He also served as the letter writer and reader for the Chinese. On owned the first car dealership in Eastern Oregon.
“Basically, anything he thought he could make money at, he tried,” said the museum’s curator, Christina Sweet.
Lung On died when he was 78. He left his half of the business to his partner, Hay, who later left the entire business to his nephew, Bob Wah.
In 1955, Wah donated the building to the city to use as a museum. The building remained locked up until the 1970s.
In 1976, the building had its first restoration and museum officials made several interesting discoveries.
When one portion of the floor was pulled up, they found 96 bottles of Prohibition-era whiskey under the floorboards.
Under Doc Hay’s bed they found $23,000 worth of uncashed checks. Replicas are on display at the Interpretive Center.
Several documents, including letters to and from China were found, detailing the lives of a lost society.
“It’s kind of a forgotten history and here we have all aspects of the Chinese-American culture,” Sweet said.
Both men spoke Cantonese, as did most of the Chinese in Grant County.
“Chinese grouped together by province, because they spoke the same dialects,” Sweet said.
On and Hay became respected members of John Day society, at a time when Chinese people were usually persecuted.
“These folks were way ahead of their time and they were providing a service to the community,” said Deborah Wood, cultural resource manager for the National Park Service.
Kam Wah Chung means “Golden Flower of Prosperity.”
The museum is extraordinary because it holds artifacts from Chinese-American culture that are virtually untouched by time. From the homemade Chinese lanterns hanging from the ceiling to the unopened canned goods in the kitchen, there is a wealth of history to be uncovered throughout the building.
The museum is in the national register of historic places and has been listed as a national historic landmark since 2004.
Gravesite Details Row 13 along with Bob Wah, Rose Wah and Lung On
金华昌博物馆外貌。陈微／摄影
金华昌博物馆内一角，记录当时的生活。陈微／摄影伍于念和梁光荣来到美国俄勒岗州的时候，此地曾有一千华人，寻金热潮过后，人们逐渐离去。两人没有回中国，也没有离去疲惫没落的小镇，也许，这正是「我生本无乡，心安是归处」的一种生命的诠释吧！
来到俄勒岗州的金华昌博物馆，纯粹是一个偶然。在此之前，有谁听说过这名字呢？
我们要去的地方是图画山（Painted Hills），老早听说此地的眾山有如上苍挥洒了彩笔，点染青黄红赭，像图画一样美丽。一百一十四人分乘两辆旅游车，浩浩荡荡自西雅图出发，沿90号高速公路，越过卡斯基（Cascade）山脉，再南下俄勒岗州，走进连绵起伏的荒漠高原，从一条高速公路转接另一条高速公路，在海拔三千多呎的山区盘桓，把眾人弄得头昏脑胀。如此这般，便错过了一个出口，终于来到公路26号和395号的交会处：尊地（John Day），一个只有1.87平方英里的小市镇。墨西哥籍的司机说，这儿有一家金华昌博物馆，是纪念两位华人的。
搭上寻金热潮
车子停靠在广东路（Canton Rd）上的一个小公园旁边，眼前看到的是一间毫不起眼的两层建筑，用很结实的石块造成，四周的房子都是很寻常的民宅。这个在2010年的人口普查时，仅有1744人居住、97％是白人的小地方，日间也是静悄悄的，一下子来了闹哄哄的百多名华裔游客，也给博物馆来一个措手不及，向导每次只容十人入内参观，我们只得鳞比排队站在馆前。我居于人龙末端，估量要排候两小时才能够进内，便索性离队，随意先看园子里陈列的介绍图片。
原来这两个主人翁伍于念（Doc Hay,1862～1952）和梁光荣（Lung On,1863～1940）都是来自广东台山。
十九世纪末，美国正要兴建铁路，需要大量劳工，尤其是1857年的寻金热潮，使很多华人远渡重洋来到金山。
为了寻找工作机会，21岁的伍于念辞别了妻子和一双儿女，联同父亲一齐到了美国，那是1883年，排华法案通过后的一年。他们辗转来到华盛顿州的东南部。这时，寻金的机遇越来越渺茫，华人只得从事伐林、开垦、採矿、建造公路和铁路的工作。两年后，父亲回唐山了，他随着眾人到了俄勒岗州的尊地。
俄州的煤矿业原本集中在峡谷市（Canyon City），却因1885年的唐人街大火，纷纷迁移到尊地。于是在1887年，此地已有一千华人居住。
莫逆交共创业
这一年，24岁、双手满是厚茧的伍于念遇上同乡的21岁的梁光荣，顿成莫逆。梁性格外向，能言善道，精通中英文；伍则木讷沉实，自幼熟读医书，娴习易经。两人商议之下，合资买了金华昌商店，店面改成厚重的铁门，门后增建一道木栅作保护，窗口加装铁栏，铺的前方作为大夫看症的场所，后方售卖唐山杂货，侧旁放上双层床，作为临时旅舍。自这天起，伍便改称Doc Hay，右手从此戴上手套，保持触觉的灵敏，只在看病时才脱下手套。梁亦改名为Lung On，也称Leon，负责翻绎和经营金华昌什货店。
在这个原始高原，伍大夫就是唯一的医生，他把脉看症，在厨房的大镬为病人烹煮草药，或研碎草药，用蜜糖或油剂搓成丸子给病人服用。有时在一剂药里，用上了60种草药。药是从三藩市或后来自香港买来。他治过败血病、冻疮、洛杉矶斑点热症、不孕、性病、坏疽、盲肠、小儿麻痹、流行性感冒。他医术精湛，声名远播，使很多白人都来找他看病，远自阿拉斯加州和阿拉荷马州的中药医师都请教于他。通常是梁光荣替他翻译，他活了一辈子，也没有学英文。
伍大夫的成功也曾引起别的白人医生的妒忌，由于没有正统西方医学训练，三次被控无牌行医，但是，被治癒的人群起替他辩护，三次都无罪释放，理由是：他从没有医死人的纪录。甚至1919年肆虐的西班牙流感，单是俄州即死了3500人，而他的病人，却神奇地活着。
梁光荣通晓中英文，这使他成为非常重要的人物。他可以代招聘工人，当翻译，代写家书。后来更投资矿场、地产、汽车。在1940年去世时，遗产近九万元，半数给了伍大夫，半数给在中国的妻女。但是她们终于也没有来美国，没能获得遗产。
穿越时光隧道
伍大夫行医直到1948年，在1952年去世，人们从床席下面，发现了乡间父亲责令回唐山的信，妻子儿女告苦求资助的信，也看到了捐助孙中山先生革命的付款收据，更多的是病人给他的支票，二元、五元、十元、四十元，他都没有兑现，总数达23000元，有好些还是美国大萧条时开的支票。
金华昌此后被木板封起来，这座建筑物及其内的一切，完封不动地过了20年。
其后，直到1967年，市府这才发现伍大夫早把物业权捐赠给市政府，连忙拆除板块，整修之后，1973年成为金华昌博物馆，2005年更被列为国家级歷史地标。
终于轮到我们这一组入内参观了。大门侧边的桌子，大概该是伍大夫看症的地方吧，现在摆着访客签名册，我看到的是寥寥可数的名字。进门的时候，我特地看了钢门上的子弹痕迹，原以为已经看了不少的文字陈述，已有若干瞭解，但从看到子弹痕迹那一剎那开始，像穿越了时光隧道，立刻体验到在排华年代铺天盖地而来的惶恐震撼。从墙上挂着的格兰县银行（Grant County Bank）的日历，时空都冻结在1920年11月13日。屋子内最显眼的正中位置是悬挂着红布的神位，香炉里仍满满插着半烬的香烛，前面高悬四盏不再金碧辉煌的灯笼，想来这就是他们供奉香火，求心之所安之处吧！四周墙壁，都装有陈列架，摆放着各式各样的罐头、什货、雪茄、香菸、油糖、茶叶、化核应子、爆竹、酒、浸着蛇的药酒、五百多种药材，以及其他日常用品。还贴着饱酣墨汁写在洒金红纸上的大字「货如轮转」、「架物流行」。
坚强的生命力
另一房间设有两张双层的碌架床，想来是给疲惫的旅客用的。床榻周沿贴上十八张广告，上有男大衣、男西装和女装的款式，并用英文写着They are all one price（男女同价）。在厨房里，熏黑的墙壁，烧柴的炉灶，有着木盖子的大铁镬，杯碟盘碗，瓦罐铜壶，筷子、菜刀、坎具，一应俱全。令人想起这就是伍大夫煮草药给病人饮用的工具。旁边有一张老旧的木桌子，横放着几本簿子，其中一本写着「歷年存各客账部」，旁有毛笔、墨砚等文房用具，想来这就是无数离乡背井，又不识字的华工来找梁先生寄钱回乡和写家书的桌子吧！另一边的长木桌，放着研药用的盅子、小槌子。看到了这一切，体会到那些年在异乡谋生，言语不通，又饱受歧视的日子里，金华昌如何凝聚华人，成了一个同声同气、相濡以沫的重要地方。
金华昌博物馆记录了一段华人拓荒史。这是华人在美国成功的歷史，还是过客的歷史呢？天地悠悠，又有谁不是过客？伍于念和梁光荣来到这里的时候，此地曾有一千华人，寻金热潮过后，人们逐渐离去，1900年只剩下一百人，1940年则不到二十人。两人没有回中国，也没有离去疲惫没落的小镇，也许，这正是「我生本无乡，心安是归处」的一种生命的诠释吧！
在回程的车子上，眾人默然无声。我凝视远处山坡上的滚草（Tumbling Weed），枯黄乾涩，灰灰濛濛，这儿是高原地带，土地贫瘠，滚草秋季时茎在近地面折断，随风滚动，到了那里，便长在那里，其坚强的生命韧力，令人惊叹。寂寂无闻的金华昌博物馆正给我同样的感动。
（陈微，住过奥克兰、坎培拉、纽约、普林斯顿，现居西雅图。万水千山，风波过后，仍是最爱中国文字。）
| 梅伟强、张国雄主编 | 五邑华侨华人史 |
5．中医业。中医是中华民族优秀的医学遗产，在海外，白种人或疑之，斥为“不科学”、“妖医”，信服者寥寥无几；或惊奇其疗效。梁启超惊呼（1903年）“大奇”，他说：“西人性质有大奇不可解者，如赏杂碎其一端也。其尤奇者，昔如嗜用华医。华医在美洲起家至十余万以上者，前后殆百数十人。现诸大市殆无不有著名之华医二三焉”。“及至美洲，其类此者，数见不鲜，所有皆中国草药，以值百数十钱之药品，售价至一金或十金不等，而其门如市，应接不暇，咄咄怪事也。”
五邑籍华侨在美国从事中医而成名者，开乎的李悦大父子、台山的伍于念和许昌雅是其中的佼佼者。
李悦大出生在开平迳头乡龙按村的一个中医世家，1860年到美国谋生，在金矿和铁路工地为华工服务，成为有史可查的第一位在美国悬壶济医的中医。在他的影响下，其子李煜棠也来到美国，在柏克莱加州大学攻读医学。后来成为美国的模范医生。
伍于念(1863-1952)，生于台山四九下坪西边巷村。1883年作为赊单华工随父亲来到美国华盛顿州当金矿工人，后又转到俄勒冈州约翰迪金矿区“挖金”。这里环境恶劣，民生艰苦，疾病流行，伍于念利用自己在家乡学过中医和民间草药治病的知识，济世救民。他用药如神，医德高尚，看病收费贫富有别。他常说：“穷人很需要钱，我何须那么多钱!”他还上门送医送药和邮药治病。1918-1919年，俄州东部流行性感冒肆虐，西医对此束手无策，上万人被夺去生命。伍于念用中草药使无数病人康复如初，“神医”的名字于是在俄州广为流传。伍于念病逝于波特兰，终年89岁。他在约翰迪市的住宅和诊所“金华城”楼，现经美国历史文物保护部和约市政府重修，作为纪念馆从1979年春节起对外开放供人参观。1985年6月，约市政府规定每年6月为“中国节”，以纪念华人劳工和“神医”伍于念在开发俄州东部所作出的重大贡献。
许昌雅(1868-1926)，生于台山水步青龙区水头堡龙安村。1888年到美国西雅图谋生。起初做苦力，工作之余，喜读中医中药书籍。1899年，他用积蓄开设永和药材行，经营中草药生意，特制中国凉茶出售，并为人治病。一些白人也慕名前来就诊。一位市议员的夫人患腹痛症，西医久治不好，后经许医生细心诊治，服用了四五剂中药，恶疾即根除。许昌雅声名大振，永和药材行门庭若市。西医忌之，到处散布中医中药不科学、草药不卫生，并诉诸法院。这位市议员主动为许昌雅辩护，他以自己妻子的例子作证，说明中医中药能为人类征服病魔服务。
在从事中医而发迹的五邑籍华侨中，还有开平华侨张进良。他于光绪十三年(1887)从开平来到美国俄勒冈州“挖金”，后来利用在家乡学到的中医草药知识改行从医，为乡亲和白人治病，逐渐发迹，赢得人们的尊敬。
为什么中医曾在西方大受推崇？羊菓
https://new.qq.com/omn/20180201/20180201A177YH.html
清朝末年，正是传统中医开始受到社会大众质疑之时，一贯反对中医的梁启超踏上大洋彼岸的美国土地。 初到新大陆，最使梁启超感到震惊的不是大厦楼宇，也不是异域的生活方式，而是美国人对中医的巨大热情。极目所见，中医馆和中药铺遍地开花。
梁启超记载了他亲眼见到的一件怪事。此前，他曾在澳洲认识一位被叫作“安利”的中医。这人本来是个文盲，“不识一字，以挑菜为生，贫不能自存”。到了三十多岁，他忽然开始自学中医，“以医诳西人”，竟然发了大财，“致富三百余万”。
梁启超感叹，在美国像安利这类二手的中医并不稀少，他们大多“自称在中国某学校卒业之医学士、医学博士”，实际情况是——“业此之人其不解医者十八九”。
因为美国人“喜用华医”，所以美国的中医“足以致富”，不少原本赤贫者奋斗成了大富翁。据梁启超记述，在美国白手起家的中医，收入达到十几万美元以上者，“前后殆百数十人”，“现诸大市，殆无不有著名之华医二三焉”。
Virginia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
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