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Acupuncture is a healing process performed by a specialized doctor having in-depth knowledge of pulse diagnosis. The growing prevalence of chronic diseases, secondary lifestyle, gynecological disorders, obesity, and alcohol dependency have led to complications such as insomnia, body pain, and emotional disorders which drive the growth of the global acupuncture market. According to a study published in the Drug and Alcohol Dependence Journal in 2017, more than 100 million adults are living with chronic pain in the Americas. Additionally, factors such as advancements in acupuncture therapy and the growing geriatric population are also promoting the growth of the acupuncture market globally. Moreover, the increasing demand for complementary and alternative medicines and growing funding activities for acupuncture are likely to support the growth of the market during the assessment period.

The global acupuncture market is expected to reach to a market value of USD 55,323.8 million by 2023 from USD 24,551.6 million in 2017 and is expected to register a CAGR of 14.50% during the forecast period from 2018 to 2023. In 2017, the market was led by Europe with a 32.7% share, followed by Asia-Pacific and the Americas with shares of 29.4% and 25.3%, respectively.  The market growth of the European region is attributed to the rising acceptance of acupuncture therapy.

The global acupuncture market has been segmented based on product and service, application, end user, and region.

The global acupuncture market, by product and service, has been segmented into services and products.

The global acupuncture market, by application, has been segmented into pain syndrome illness, gynecological disorders, psychological illness, and others.

By end user, the global acupuncture market has been segmented into wellness centers, hospitals and specialty clinics, and research and academic institutes.

Access this Report: https://www.reportocean.com/industry-verticals/sample-request.php?report_id=19280

Key Players

Seirin Corporation, Kanson, Zepter International, Cymedics GmbH & Co. KG, schwa-medico GmbH, MKW Lasersystem GmbH, Wuxi Jiajian Medical Instruments Co., Ltd, 3B Scientific GmbH, Asia-med GmbH, Qingdao Great Fortune Co., Ltd, and AcuMedic Ltd.

Study Objectives

  • To provide a comprehensive analysis of the acupuncture industry and its sub-segments in the global market, thereby providing a detailed structure of the industry
  • To provide detailed insights into factors driving and restraining the growth of the global acupuncture market
  • To estimate the market size of acupuncture from 2015 to 2023 for different regions. Wherein, 2015 to 2016 would be the historic period, 2017 shall be the base year, and 2018 to 2023 will be the forecast period for the study
  • To analyze the global acupuncture market, on the basis of four main geographies, namely, the Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa
  • To compare the products with respect to various players in the market
  • To provide country-wise market value analysis for various segments of the acupuncture market
  • To provide strategic profiling of key companies (manufacturers and distributors) present across the globe, and comprehensively analyze their competitiveness/competitive landscape in this market
  • To provide distribution chain analysis/value chain for the acupuncture market

Target Audience

  • Medical Device Manufacturers
  • Medical Device Suppliers and Distributors
  • Government Research Institutes
  • Academic Institutes and Universities

Key Findings

  • The global acupuncture market is expected to reach USD 55,323.8 million by 2023 from USD 24,551.6 million in 2017 and is expected to register a CAGR of 14.50% during the forecast period from 2018 to 2023
  • On the basis of product and service, the services segment accounted for the largest market share and is projected to register a CAGR of 14.26% in 2023
  • Based on application, the pain syndrome illness segment accounted for the largest market share and is anticipated to register a CAGR of 14.04% by the year 2023
  • Based on end user, the wellness center segment held the largest market share of 44.6% in 2017 and is projected to register a CAGR of 14.32% during the forecast period
  • Europe is expected to hold the largest share of the global acupuncture market at a CAGR of 13.53% in 2023
  • The Americas is the fastest growing market, which is expected to register a CAGR of 14.94% by 2023
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via How many acupuncturists in the United states (US) in the early of 2015 ?

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Acupuncture is good for changing American Opioids Epidemic, at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ug3e0FzSRAI

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  针灸在美国被点赞 中药科研亟须提上日程

近日,第三届美国中医药大会在美国首都华盛顿举行,来自美中等国的300余名中医药专家参会。

中医在美国的发展现状如何?面临着什么样的机遇和挑战?带着这些问题,《经济参考报》记者采访了与会专家。

针灸发展形势良好执照医生约4.5万人

本次会议主办方是全美中医药学会与美国中医校友联合会,两个协会的会长均由曾就读于北京中医学院(现北京中医药大学)的田海河担任。

田海河对记者介绍说,自美国前总统尼克松访华把中医带回美国,至今已45年。目前,中医在美国有了长足发展,已有46个州和华盛顿特区完成了针灸立法,目前各类有执照的针灸医生约有4.5万人。

“这是一个很好的发展形势,但是学术水平良莠不齐,中医尚未进入医学主流体系。”他说,“就像美国人选择餐馆时还是以喜欢吃西餐为主,喜欢中餐的人虽有,但仍占不是占多数。要想怎么把中医带入美国主流社会,我们还有很多工作要做。”

田海河说,作为外来医学,中医在美国“还是经常会受到一定排挤和否定”,虽然临床、科研及发表的文章为针灸提供了一些有效果的证据,但证据还不是显得非常充足,“需要我们更有效地开展临床科研工作,提供更有说服力的证据,以此来说服民众、媒体、立法、保险公司等更进一步认可中医,接受针灸。”

他表示,针灸是个好东西,确有疗效,很多人都认识到它的价值,近期出现了一些其他行业想染指针灸,“我们的态度很明确,欢迎更多的人来做针灸,惠及民众。但一些其他行业人只接受了很少的训练,就提供针灸服务,还有人把针灸改成‘干针’,试图绕过法律和各行业的执业范围限制去做针灸,非但没效,更对病人造成安全隐患。所以,我们要抗争,并教育、帮助们民众找到一个合格的针灸师。”

“我们需要对民众的安全负责,对针灸的名誉负责,需要对我们中华民族文化保护。因为‘干针’本来就源自于针灸,他们把针灸改头换面,不认祖归宗了,反倒说跟中医无关,这是一种剽窃行为。”田海河说。

针灸临床研究正规范望入美主流医学体系

谈到美国中医药大会,田海河说,该会每年举办一次,今年是第三次,美国、中国以及其他一些国家的中医领军人物都来了,几乎所有以西人为主的全国性中医组织的主要负责人也来了,参会的还有美国食品和药物管理局及美国国家卫生研究院官员,美国针灸执照考试委员会、美国中医高校联合会及资格鉴定委员会等机构的主要负责人也都到场。

“这次大会的目的是要团结更多的华裔和非华裔针灸师,大家聚集到一起共同探讨如何抓住机会,面对挑战,并同时提升整体学术水平,引领美国中医药的正确发展方向。”他说。

会上,世界针灸学会联合会主席、中国针灸学会会长刘保延教授做了题为《针灸临床疗效研究的思考与实践》的主题报告。他指出,疗效是针灸发展的根本,虽然针灸临床研究论文在1992年以后快速增长,但过去一直没有形成系统的临床评价方法,缺乏高质量研究数据,为此中医学界制定了或正在制定针灸临床研究和技术操作等一系列规范,希望按照国际通行标准,“推动针灸堂堂正正进入主流医学体系”。

大会期间,全美中医药学会副会长、美国执照针灸师樊蓥做了题为《假针灸真是假的吗?》的学术报告,对一些结论认为针灸无效的论文的研究方法提出质疑。

樊蓥在接受记者采访时解释说,美国顶尖医学期刊《美国医学会杂志》近年来发表7篇针灸研究论文,最近的一次是今年6月发表两篇论文,其中刘保延负责的一项研究显示针灸治疗女性压力性尿失禁确实有效,而另6篇临床研究结果都是阴性(无效)结论,这可能与研究方法有关系。

樊蓥说,西医的临床研究要求随机、对照、双盲,对针灸而言,随机和对照没有问题,但双盲是有问题的,因为假针灸很难瞒过针灸师和病人,造成了所谓“真针灸不真、假针灸不假”的问题。

美国国家卫生研究院的夏月博士探讨了大数据对针灸科研的指导意义,希望美国和中国在中医科研方面加强对接。

中药尚处灰色地带科研亟须提上日程

田海河强调,中医不仅是针灸,还包括中药,但因为针灸首先进入美国,所以针灸在美国成了中医的代名词。目前,中药在美国未被列入药物范畴,只能归类为食品补充剂,不能宣传治疗效果,所以还处于灰色地带,这限制了中药在美国的广泛应用和发展,“要把中药发展提到日程上来,包括推动在州层面甚至联邦层面立法。当然,这需要一个漫长的过程。”

他举例说,包括麻黄在内,有几个中药因为安全性问题被美国食品和药物管理局禁用,“因此,有些人经常拿这些药说事,说中药不安全。我担心这类事件发生多了后,对在美国开展中药工作会有负面影响。所以,我们需要做一些科研,了解中药的毒副效应,保证民众的安全服用。如果只有针灸,而没有中药,不是一个完整的中医概念。”

会上,中国国家中医药管理局政策法规与监督司原司长、世界中医药学会联合会秘书长桑滨生解读了中国中医药立法及对海外的影响。桑滨生说,《中医药法》是中国中医药领域的一部综合性、基础性法律,不仅对中国中医药发展具有里程碑意义,而且对各国中医药和传统医学立法起到引领和借鉴作用。

美国药管局植物学评审组官员李静介绍了该机构有关植物新药的评审情况。她指出,截至去年年底,共有超过650种植物药物提出或通过“新药临床试验申请”,其中绝大多数处于二期临床试验阶段,但只有2种获准上市。如果把植物药物按全新成分的药物看待,这个通过率“还不错”。

另外,还有十多位中美知名针灸专家和科研教育领域的学者做了学术报告。大会主要赞助企业同仁堂也介绍了其国际化之路,表示已在纽约、旧金山和洛杉矶开设分店,要让更多美国人知道同仁堂这个品牌。记者 林小春

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新华社华盛顿11月20日电通讯:针灸在美迎来发展好时机  新华社记者郭一娜 林小春 胡友松

http://us.xinhuanet.com/2017-11/21/c_129746359.htm

莎伦又一次躺在熟悉的床位上,针灸师樊蓥轻、稳、准地在她肩部和颈部的重要穴位扎上了细细的针。莎伦的耳边响起了柔和温馨的轻音乐,她慢慢闭上眼,呼吸均匀,心情平和,享受着45分钟的美好时光。

樊蓥是美国弗吉尼亚州与华盛顿特区持照针灸师,他的诊所——美京中医院位于弗吉尼亚州梅克林小镇。300平方米左右的诊所内共有15个床位。身为一名职业律师的莎伦·希普勒已经忘了这是她第几十次来到诊所接受治疗。

喜欢运动的莎伦今年60岁,她与针灸的缘分始于3年前。当时她得了肌腱炎,西医告诉她最快也要几个月才能恢复。有朋友向她推荐了樊蓥,后者仔细查看了腿伤后告诉她:“两周来做一次治疗,3次后就能康复。”

西医的数个月康复和针灸的3次就好,这差距大得让莎伦有些不敢相信。面对莎伦的怀疑,樊蓥只是笑笑说,咱们试试看吧。

出乎莎伦意料,一个疗程下来,肌腱炎竟奇迹般康复,她矫健而轻盈的身姿很快又重现跑道。

“太神奇了!”她在接受新华记者采访时禁不住多次感叹。此后,莎伦对中医从信赖到依赖,身体稍有不适,首先想到的就是看中医。

律师工作压力大,导致莎伦睡眠不好。多次针灸后,她感觉睡眠明显改善;每次莎伦感觉有感冒前兆,或者美国将有流感,她就赶紧来找樊蓥。莎伦相信,针灸疗法帮她提高了免疫力。最近她肩部受伤,又是针灸让她免受了手术折磨。

如今,莎伦不仅是针灸的粉丝,更成了针灸的传播者。亲朋好友生病了,她会向大家推荐中医。85岁的老母亲经常背疼,她正力劝母亲尝试针灸疗法。

莎伦对中西医治疗差别感触很深。“樊蓥和他的助手对我十分耐心、细致,我感到很放松,恢复得也快。如果是去看西医,幸运的话,医生会给我10分钟,然后就开药,或安排更多检查。看到我肩痛或脚痛,西医会给我打止痛针。我可不喜欢打针和手术。所以,我会来针灸诊所。我虽不知道针灸原理,但我知道它有效。”

“美国的医疗体系有很大问题,”莎伦说,“不少人在寻找替代疗法。我坚信今后会有越来越多人看中医。”

正如莎伦所说,当前,美国阿片类止痛药物滥用与成瘾危机日益严重,在这方面针灸大有可为。

阿片类止痛药包括杜冷丁、吗啡等,镇痛作用强大,但有极强成瘾性。官方数据显示,每天平均有91名美国人死于过量服用阿片类药物,年均超过3万人。10月底,美国总统特朗普向阿片滥用现象宣战,称“阿片类药物滥用是美国历史乃至全世界范围内最严重的药物危机”。

严峻现实迫使西医接受非药物疗法。而在各种非药物疗法中,针灸以有效和廉价脱颖而出。中国数十年来持续进行的中医机理研究形成大量成果,此时成为有力佐证。美国国家科学、工程和医学学院7月发布题为《疼痛管理与阿片类药物流行》的报告指出,近几十年来针灸止痛已成为普遍做法,包括针灸在内的一些非药物干预手段是止痛的有力工具。

不少旅美针灸师预感,针灸在美国可能迎来了发展的好时机。目前,经过业内人士长达40多年的努力,美国50个州中有46个州以及华盛顿特区已立法让针灸行医合法化。而在这个过程中,樊蓥的诊所,从15年前的无人问津到如今每周稳定在150位左右病人。个中改变,反映了针灸在美国从举步维艰到逐步受到认可的历程。

正是看到针灸治疗的良好效果和较大的市场空间,美国一些理疗师也开始学习针灸,但这也带来了一些干扰。美国的针灸与东方医学硕士需要学习2000小时以上,而美国部分理疗师将针灸改成“干针”,只需学习50个学时就可行医,且未接受中医针灸的完整训练,更缺乏中医针灸处理多科疾病的全能知识和技能储备。所谓干针是指理疗师用针头对激痛点进行针刺的方法。

“美国国内一些理疗师的做法是在混淆视听,给针灸在美发展带来挑战。”谈起这些“干扰”,樊蓥皱起眉头。

目前,莎伦所参加的医疗保险覆盖针灸治疗,可报销80%。10月,美国参众两院议员同意在老年人与残疾人联邦医保的一个补充项目中包括针灸。如果该法案最终通过,相信将进一步推动针灸在美国的发展。

11月,多个美国中医针灸团体在学术期刊上正式发布《针灸应对阿片类药物危机白皮书2017》,樊蓥也是作者之一。这份白皮书被送交美国卫生与公众服务部,并得到积极回复。

也是在初冬,作为全美中医药学会(ATCMA)副会长的樊蓥参加了首次在美国国会举办的针灸推介会,向议员推荐和介绍针灸在止痛与治疗阿片类药物滥用与成瘾方面的作用。现场气氛热烈,40多人还尝试了耳针。“在国会和联邦政府层面,我们还将继续推动,为针灸在美迎来真正春天不懈努力。”樊蓥说。

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http://news.xinhuanet.com/overseas/2017-09/27/c_1121734808.htm

如果说传统中医作为一个整体在美国还处境艰难,那么针灸的命运要好得多。经过业内人士长达40多年的努力,美国50个州中有46个州以及华盛顿特区已立法让针灸行医合法化。由于美国阿片类止痛药物滥用与成瘾危机日益严重,针灸在美国面临着大发展乃至被主流医学界所接受的良机。

一周前,美国35个州、华盛顿特区以及美属波多黎各的检察长联名发出公开信,呼吁美国健康保险计划联合会的1300个会员公司修改保险政策,将针灸等非药物止痛疗法纳入在内。此前,美国马里兰州、华盛顿州、阿拉斯加州等已将针灸纳入医疗保险体系。

美国针灸界26日发表一份21页的英文白皮书,列举一系列科研证据,表明针灸能作为一线疗法安全有效地治疗急性与慢性疼痛。

“针灸的春天也许来了,”在华盛顿特区从业的执照针灸师樊蓥对新华社记者说,“这次美国的阿片类药物危机,将让非药物疗法正式有了一席之地,包括针灸、整脊和医疗按摩,但也不能说没有春寒。”

自去年3月时任美国总统奥巴马提出止痛药物滥用问题,在新泽西州行医的执照针灸师李永明就意识到“这或许是一个针灸新时代的开始”。他第一个提出,美国正在开展“新鸦片战争”,这个说法在华人针灸师内部得到广泛认同。

“在各种非药物疗法中,针灸治疗疼痛效果最好,对替代阿片类止痛药最具特异性,所以这对针灸界无疑是个好消息和发展机遇,几十年不遇,为针灸进入主流医学提供了良机,”李永明说。

对于美国各州检察长的呼吁,他乐观地认为,美国保险公司照办的概率很大,一个原因是针灸成本不高,而“阿片类药物中毒急诊住院治疗平均每次9万多美元。够一个针灸师一年的工资。保险公司是要算成本的”。

全美中医药学会会长田海河强调,美国各州检察长的公开信只是一个提议,采纳与否不知道,但这确实可能意味着针灸在美国大发展的机遇即将来临,接下来的问题是怎么抓住机遇。

田海河说,目前美国有4.5万名针灸师,首先技术一定要过硬,能有本领去帮助病人止痛,使病人没有理由、没有借口去用止痛药,也就不会成瘾。“我们要有这个金刚钻,才能揽这个瓷器活。”

他还提醒,即使各州检察长的提议被接受,美国还有很多提供针灸治疗的私人诊所与个体医生并不在医疗保险体系内。保险体系内的一些医生也提供针灸服务,但称之为“干针”,认为这与中医无关。“干针”反而有可能抢先利用这个机遇,这是需要针灸师们解决的问题。

“如果针灸能被纳入医保范围内,这太好不过了。但这将是一个漫长的过程。结果不是等来的,需要我们提供科学证据,证明针灸止痛安全、有效,”田海河说。

对于各州检察长的提议,美国健康保险计划联合会通信与公共关系主管凯瑟琳·唐纳森告诉新华社记者,他们已在探索加强使用已被证明有效止痛的非药物疗法。

唐纳森说:“对于许多患者而言,诸如针灸、瑜伽和锻炼等疗法都是有效的一线疗法,但这视患者个体的不同情况而言,必要时再改而使用药物疗法。”

那么,美国学术界目前到底怎么看待针灸呢?

美国国家补充和综合健康中心官网在对针灸的介绍中指出,只要由有经验的、受过培训的针灸师施针,针消过毒,总体是安全的,但不当施针能引发严重副作用。一系列研究表明,针灸可能有助减轻腰痛、颈痛和骨关节炎疼痛,也有可能帮助减少紧张性头痛发生频率并预防偏头痛。

美国国家科学、工程和医学学院也于今年7月发布一份题为《疼痛管理与阿片类药物流行》的报告指出,近几十年来针灸止痛已成为普遍做法,包括针灸在内的一些非药物干预手段是止痛的有力工具。

2015年,美国医疗保健机构凯泽·珀默嫩特公司曾在6000多名会员慢性疼痛患者中开展问卷调查,结果发现,32%的患者接受了针灸治疗,47%的患者接受了整脊治疗,21%的患者说同时使用这两种疗法。

研究第一作者、凯泽·珀默嫩特公司健康研究中心的查尔斯·埃尔德对新华社记者说,针灸是帮助治疗慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的一种重要手段,有越来越多的科学证据支持使用针灸止痛。因为慢性疼痛很难治疗,所以针灸治疗就显得很重要。

“通常我们使用的药物效果不佳或者副作用太大,所以医生和患者都期待替代疗法,”埃尔德说,“针灸的作用应该在我们的医保体系里继续增强,这将很有意义。比如,俄勒冈州现在要求医疗保险覆盖包括针灸在内的补充医学方法治疗背痛患者。我预计我们将来会看到更多这样的要求。”

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Article from: http://www.thebestschools.org/rankings/best-acupuncture-schools-us/

Acupuncture relieves pain, promotes healing and addresses a wide range of health problems for millions of people all over the world. Acupuncture, an important component of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is based on the idea of returning the body to a state of harmony or ideal functioning. Acupuncture rebalances the flow of energy (Qi) in the body. Acupuncture influences human energy through manipulating the meridians of the body, connected energetically with internal organs and systems.

The World Health Organization’s official report titled Acupuncture: Review and Analysis of Reports on Controlled Clinical Trials, specifically listed 28 diseases, symptoms or conditions which acupuncture (through clinical trials) has proved to provide effective treatment. The US National Institutes of Health issued a consensus statement proposing acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention for complimentary medicine. The American Medical Association Journal of Internal Medicine concluded acupuncture effectively reduces chronic pain with few side effects.

Because of acupuncture’s increasing popularity, the number of acupuncture schools has grown over the years. The schools, also known as Traditional Chinese Medicine schools or Traditional Oriental Medicine schools, typically teach the fundamentals and related Western medical subjects.

With numerous institutions offering acupuncture programs, it’s not easy selecting a school. Prospective students may begin their search with schools which received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM).

The Council of Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine as well as the American Association of Oriental Medicine established ACAOM in 1982 as a not-for-profit organization. The U.S. Department of Education recognizes ACAOM as a “specialized and professional” accrediting agency.

ACAOM has more than 50 schools and colleges with accreditation or candidacy status. All of the schools we selected for our list have received accreditation from ACAOM.

The Best Acupuncture Schools

Factors which influenced our choice of schools making this list as well as their relative order include the following:

  • Quality of faculty, not only as practitioners of acupuncture but also as researchers advancing the field
  • Comprehensiveness of the training program, including hands-on training
  • Internships
  • Success in training students who can lead the field
  • How long the school has been in existence and its reputation for excellence during that time
  • Doctoral program in acupuncture, not required but a plus for a school

The Best Acupuncture Schools in the United States

1Oregon College of Oriental Medicine

(Portland, Oregon)Oregon College of Medicine

Established in 1983, Oregon College of Oriental Medicine (OCOM) is one of the oldest Chinese medicine colleges in the nation. OCOM integrates classical theory with a modern practical approach to health and wellness. The college, known for research, has received research grants from the National Institutes of Health/National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The Research Department’s partners include the University of Arizona, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland State University, Legacy Health System and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research.

Oregon College of Oriental Medicine offers a Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine and a Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degrees.

Students receive a foundation in Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture, qi cultivation and therapeutic massage as well as a focus on the collaboration between Western biomedicine and Chinese medicine.

The college infuses the master’s and doctoral curricula with research literacy and appreciation.

The Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (MAOM) degree program includes coursework and training in the practice and theory of herbal medicine, acupuncture, nutrition, exercise, therapeutic massage and more. The program also includes courses in anatomy, physiology, community health and practitioner/patient dynamics.

Full-time students can earn their master’s degree in 36 months. Students complete 3,334.5 hours – 214.86 credits – for their degree, including 994.5 hours of clinical education.

Students receive clinical training at the college’s clinic and at off-campus centers. They also complete 32 hours of a Community Health Externship at Hooper Center, Project Quest and Old Town Clinic.

The Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) program, a clinically focused postgraduate degree program which leads to a clinical doctorate degree, consists of 1,221 hours — 48.6 credits, including 670 clinical hours and 551 classroom hours. Designed for practitioners who want to earn the degree while maintaining a practice, the program features 20 intensive teaching modules over 24 months. Most modules occur Friday to Monday and include classroom content and clinical work. Between modules, students complete independent study assignments and homework, reading assignments, clinical case studies and more.

The Doctor of Acupuncture program includes two specializations – Aging Adults and Women’s Health. Students complete one year on each specialization.

Students also complete three 60-hour Clinical Selectives – externships, special clinical studies, writing skills development or supervision skills development, as well as a capstone project.

Oregon College of Oriental Medicine conducts research and treats patients at two Portland clinics and also operates an herbal medicinary, where master’s degree students get hands-on experience during their Herbal Practicum.

The Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine and the Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degrees received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM).

Admission requirements: Applicants for the master’s degree program must complete three years – or 135 quarter credits/90 semester credits – at an accredited institution.

Doctoral program applicants must hold a master’s degree or diploma in acupuncture or Oriental medicine from an ACAOM-accredited college or school or the international equivalent. They also must have training in herbal medicine.

2Emperor’s College School of Traditional Oriental Medicine

(Santa Monica, California)EmperorsCollege

Emperor’s College School of Traditional Oriental Medicine, founded in 1983, is one of the oldest acupuncture schools in the United States. The college is known for having one of the most distinguished faculties among Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine schools in the nation, its robust veterans clinical outreach program, and for the comprehensiveness of its programs, offering in-depth study in every major acupuncture style. The school is unique in offering a “qi cultivation” component which includes all five major styles of tai chi and several qi gong forms.

The Emperor’s College teaching clinic, open to the public, offers a one-to-one intern-to-patient ratio and reports more than 15,000 patient visits a year.

The school has a robust civic engagement program. Los Angeles County issued Emperor’s College a special commendation for its work with the Los Angeles homeless veteran’s community. The 2015 Special Olympics World Games selected the college, its alumni, faculty, and Master’s and Doctoral students to be the sole provider of holistic wellness services to the over 7,000 athletes and coaches representing 165 nations from around the world.

The school’s alumni have gone on to practice in and perform advanced integrative research at western medical hospitals and clinics, open private practices around the world, write for important publications, and serve in senior administrative positions at Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine schools.

Emperor’s College School of Traditional Oriental Medicine offers Master of Traditional Oriental Medicine and Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degree options. Both programs focus on preparing professional healthcare providers who can integrate Eastern and Western medical knowledge.

Students receive a foundation in the theory, history, diversity and philosophy of Oriental medicine as well as hands-on experience in the diagnosis and treatment of patients in various practice settings.

The four-year Master of Traditional Oriental Medicine (MTOM) degree program consists of 3,210 instructional hours or 970 hours of internship and 224 didactic units. Students can also take the program on a part-time basis and finish in up to eight years.

Emperor’s College School of Traditional Oriental Medicine offers its curriculum year-round with 11-week quarters.

The Master of Traditional Oriental Medicine degree program includes courses in acupuncture, biomedicine, Oriental medicine, Western nutrition and Chinese herbal medicine.

Students complete clinical training in an on-campus acupuncture clinic and training in Western medical center such as the Roy and Patricia Disney Family Cancer Center and the Venice Family Clinic, a Federally-qualified community health center.

The Master’s degree program provides concentrations such as Classical Acupuncture, Korean Acupuncture, Japanese Acupuncture and Nei Gong. Master’s degree students can also tailor the degree to their personal and professional goals through electives such as advanced herbal medicine, advanced tai chi, classical Chinese medicine and advanced qi gong.

The Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) degree program offers a dual specialization in physical medicine and internal medicine.

The DAOM curriculum includes advanced training in all aspects of TCM/Oriental medicine and within two specialty areas, applicable biomedical science and advanced patient assessment, diagnosis and treatment.

The 1,250-hour curriculum consists of 600 hours of didactic instruction and 650 hours of advanced clinical rotations.
Designed for working acupuncturists, classes meet Thursday to Sunday once a month for 22 consecutive months.

Students complete clinical hours through internships, preceptorships and mentorships. During clinical hours, students incorporate community service with educational support to the master’s degree interns.

The program follows a cohort model; students receive instruction in reproductive medicine, cardiology, oncology, sports medicine, stroke rehabilitation and more.

Doctoral students also complete a capstone project.

The Master of Traditional Oriental Medicine degree program and the Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degree program have received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM). The California Acupuncture Board also approved the college. Its master’s degree graduates can sit for the California Acupuncture Licensing Exam. Graduates can also sit for the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine exam.

Admission requirements: Emperor’s College prefers applicants hold a bachelor’s degree or at least an associate’s degree or have 60 semester units of general education from a regionally accredited degree-granting university or college. The college also allows applicants to earn educational requirements through assessments such as the American College Testing Proficiency Program, the U.S. Armed Forces Institute Program or College Advanced Placement.

Doctoral program applicants must hold a master’s degree or completed a master’s level program in Oriental medicine from an ACAOM-accredited or –candidate institution, or the foreign equivalent. Applicants also must hold current clinical license or credentials in their state, province or country of residence as well as current CPR/AED and first aid certification.

Emperor’s College School of Traditional Oriental Medicine may also grant acceptance to the DAOM program based on an applicant’s clinical practice and examinations.

3New England School of Acupuncture

(Newton, Massachusetts)new-england-school-of-acupuncture

New England School of Acupuncture (NESA), founded in 1975, was the first acupuncture school in the nation. NESA is part of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. NESA, known for its research program, is a National Institutes of Health-supported Developmental Center for Research in Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The New England School of Acupuncture has received more than $5 million in grants.

The school offers two master’s degree programs with multiple track options.

Students can focus on acupuncture and earn a Master in Acupuncture (MAc) degree or combine acupuncture with Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) for a Master’s in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (MAOM) degree.

Regardless of their chosen degree, all students complete a core curriculum in Chinese Acupuncture Styles. The program provides students with a foundation in Eastern and Western approaches to medicine and includes core courses in medical theory, diagnostic and treatment skills of traditional Chinese medicine.

Students can tailor the degree to their personal goals with several track options — Pain Management, Chinese Herbal Medicine, Japanese Acupuncture Styles or a combination. Students also can choose to complete a certificate program in pain management along with another track. NESA is a leader in Japanese acupuncture education in the United States.

The Pain Management track provides students with an understanding of Western and Eastern approaches to pain and allows students to earn dual master’s degrees from the New England School and Tufts University School of Medicine.

Master in Acupuncture students complete nine internship rotations for 630 clinical training hours and must perform 250 documented treatments and evaluate 50 patients.

Master in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine students complete 10 internship rotations for 720 clinical training hours and must perform 350 treatments, treat 50 patients and write 75 Chinese herbal prescriptions.

Students complete internships in the school’s Teaching Center and biomedical partner facilities in the Boston area. They also can choose from more than 60 assistantship sites.

Full-time students can complete the Chinese Acupuncture Styles program in 33 months, the Chinese Herbal Medicine program in 36 months, the dual program (Chinese Herbal Medicine and Japanese Acupuncture Styles) in 36 months and the Pain Management program in 33 months.

The Master’s degree in Acupuncture and the Master’s degree in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM). New England Schools of Acupuncture received authorization from the Massachusetts Department of Higher Education to grant master’s degrees in acupuncture, and acupuncture and oriental medicine.

Admission requirements: Applicants must hold a baccalaureate-level degree from an accredited institution.

4American College of Traditional Chinese Medicine

(San Francisco, California)American College of Traditional Chinese Medicine

The American College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ACTCM), founded in 1980, merged with the California Institute of Integral Studies, also based in San Francisco, in 2015. The college attracts students from all over the world. ACTCM has one of the largest TCM libraries in the United States.

Several faculty members have served in leadership roles for the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

ACTCM offers master and doctoral degrees in Traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture.

The college operates the Acupuncture & Herbal Clinic and provides presentations and lectures about Chinese medicine and the integration of Eastern and Western medicine.

The American College of Traditional Chinese Medicine offers two programs for those beginning careers in Chinese medicine – the Master of Science in Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Doctorate in Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine. Students who are licensed or already practice in the field can pursue a Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degree, while those seeking to bridge the gap between the master’s and doctoral programs can pursue the Transitional Doctorate.

Programs include instruction in acupuncture, herbal therapy, diet, massage, meditation and physical exercise.

Students intern at the college’s Acupuncture & Herbal Clinic, the Auricular Clinic and specialized clinical sites in the Bay area – including Lifelong Berkeley Primary Care, California Pacific Medical Center and the Center for Somatic Psychotherapy.

Students can also study abroad in China – two to six weeks at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University in Hangzhou or three months at Henan University.

The comprehensive Master of Science in Traditional Chinese Medicine (MSTCM) degree program emphasizes hands-on clinical training as well as theories, medicinal uses of Chinese herbs, diagnostic skills and acupuncture technique. Full-time students can complete the program in 12 semesters over four years.

The First Professional Doctorate of Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine degree incorporates the master’s curriculum with advanced training in integrative, patient-centered care and research literacy. The degree is designed for individuals who seek to enter the acupuncture and Chinese medical field at the doctoral level who do not have prior training in acupuncture and Chinese medicine. Students can complete the 192-unit program in four years.

The program includes clinical and didactic work in systems-based and integrative medicine and well as advanced study in auricular acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine oncology. The program also includes integrated medicine so graduates can collaborate with other healthcare providers. Students are conferred both the doctorate and a Master of Science in Traditional Chinese Medicine concurrently at graduation.

Designed for licensed acupuncturists who want to focus on integrative medicine and specialize in pain management, the Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) degree is open to those who have been practicing for more than 10 years or hold a master’s degree in oriental medicine. The program is designed for licensed acupuncturists who want to focus on integrative medicine, deepen their TCM skills and knowledge and specialize in TCM Pain Management or TCM Women’s Health.

Students can complete the 42.75-credit program in seven semesters with monthly classes from Friday to Monday. The program combines clinical and didactic hours for a total of 1,225 hours.

DAOM students also can take part in externships nationwide and in China. Students can apply their coursework toward the American Academy of Pain Management Credential. Students can complete the 21-unit transitional doctorate program in one year.

The Master in Traditional Chinese Medicine and the clinical Doctorate in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine hold accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM). The college also holds regional accreditation from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

Admission requirements: Master of Science in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Doctorate in Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine program applicants must hold three years of undergraduate training. To apply to the Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program, students must have graduated from an accredited program in Oriental Medicine or its foreign equivalent or have at least 10 years of documented experience, plus formal college training in Oriental medicine and acupuncture. Applicants to the Transitional Doctorate in Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine must hold a Master of Science in Traditional Chinese Medicine from the American College of Traditional Chinese medicine.

5AOMA Graduate School of Integrative Medicine

(Austin, Texas)The AOMA Graduate School of Integrative Medicine

AOMA Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, founded in 1993 helps the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and through providing free and reduced-price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The school performs approximately 17,500 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. The school hosts the annual Southwest Symposium and offers continuing education opportunities. AOMA works with Western healthcare institutions, such as the Seton Healthcare Family.

AOMA offers Master and Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degrees.

The Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (MAcOM) program consists of 200 credits or 2,898 hours and includes the study of acupuncture studies, biomedical sciences, herbal studies and mind-body/Asian bodywork therapy. Through observation and internship, students spend more than 900 hours on patient contact.

Full-time students can complete the MAcOM program in about four years. The school also offers accelerated and part-time options.

The Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) program follows a modular format and combines on-campus residencies with independent study and research. Students can complete the program in two years.

The 74-credits/1,260-hour program includes the study of pain and psychological phenomena; principles of functional and nutritional medicine; neurological, sensory and dermatological pain; and eco-psycho-social pain.

Students spend 252 hours in an externship and 408 hours in an internship.

AOMA offers a study-abroad program in China. The program, offered every two years pending enrollment, is a collaboration with the Chengdu University of Traditional Oriental Medicine.

The school holds accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges, Texas State Board of Acupuncture Examiners, and the California Acupuncture Board. The Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine and the Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine programs received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

Admission requirements: Master’s degree applicants must hold a bachelor’s degree, or its equivalent, from an accredited institution with a minimum 2.5 grade point average in the last 60 hours of study. The school may consider applicants who have completed 90 baccalaureate-level semester credits. Transfer students must have completed at least 60 semester credits with a minimum overall grade point average of 2.5.

Doctoral candidates must hold a master’s degree from an ACAOM-accredited program, demonstrated scholastic achievement by a minimum cumulative grade point average of 3.0 in their graduate program and hold a current license – or be eligible to obtain a license – to practice acupuncture in Texas.

6Bastyr University

(Kenmore, Washington)Baster University, Kenmore, Washington

Bastyr University, founded in 1978, enrolls about 1,200 students. The university, which also has a campus in San Diego, CA, offers programs in acupuncture, nutrition, herbal medicine, midwifery and more. Bastyr University includes the Department of Acupuncture & East Asian Medicine and the School of Naturopathic Medicine.

The university’s degree options include combined Bachelor/Master of Science in Acupuncture, combined Bachelor/Master of Science in Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine, Master of Science in Acupuncture, Master of Science in Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine and Doctor of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine degrees. Students also can complete a certificate in Chinese Herbal Medicine.

The university’s comprehensive approach to Oriental medicine and acupuncture prepares students to work with Western medicine practitioners. Graduates can integrate Western and Eastern paradigms of medicine. Bastyr University also conducts research in oncology and integrative neuroscience.

All students complete a minimum of 400 patient contacts and 44 preceptor hours observing and shadowing acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine practitioners.

Students can complete clinical hours at the university’s teaching clinic — Bastyr Center for Natural Health in Seattle, as well as at community care clinics which provide care to immigrant communities, low-income residents and seniors.

Students who completed at least two years at the undergraduate level can earn their bachelor’s degree along with their Master’s in Acupuncture or Master’s in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

The Master in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (MAOM) program includes the same classroom and clinical training as the Master’s in Acupuncture program as well as Chinese medical language and Chinese herbal medicine.

MAOM students complete 1,356 clinical training hours, while Master’s in Acupuncture students complete 828 hours. Master’s degree students can study abroad at one of Bastyr’s sister schools in Shanghai or Chengdu, China. Full-time students can complete the acupuncture program in about three years or the acupuncture and Oriental medicine program in about 3.5 years.

Master’s degree students can sit for the National Commission for the Certification of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine board exam.

The Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) program allows students to deepen their understanding of Chinese medical classes and apply the treatment principles to clinical practice. The program integrates biomedical and Chinese medicine concepts with an emphasis on pain management.

The DAOM program consists of 1,218 hours didactic and clinical hours. Students complete their 650 clinical hours through hands-on internships, preceptors and clinical theory. Doctoral students also can choose to take part in a China externship. They also must complete a capstone project. Bastyr University offers the program in a weekend-intensive format over two years.

The university is a member of the Council of Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine and the American Association of Naturopathic Medical Colleges.

Bastyr University holds accreditation from the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

The Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine program received accreditation from the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education. The Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine provides accreditation to the Master of Science in Acupuncture, Master of Science in Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine and Doctor of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine degree programs.

Admissions requirements: Applicants for the combined bachelor/master degree programs must hold 90 quarter credits with a minimum 2.75 grade point average and a grade “C” or better in all basic proficiency and science requirement classes.

Applicants for the master’s degree programs must hold a bachelor’s degree with a “C” or better in prerequisite course work and experience with acupuncture.

Doctoral applicants must hold a master’s degree or its equivalent from an accredited acupuncture school and be licensed in their home state or Washington state.

7Five Branches University

(Santa Cruz, California)Five Branches University

Five Branches University, founded in 1984, operates two campuses in California – in Santa Cruz and San Jose. The university provides programs related to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and integrative medicine. Five Braches University is known for its herbology department.

Designed for students interested in developing a practice focused on acupuncture – including licensed Western medical practitioners, the Master of Acupuncture (MAc) program includes academic and clinical training.

The university offers the master’s programs in English at both campuses. The three-year professional degree program consists of 2,256 hours and 119.25 units. Five Branches University offers the curriculum on a semester basis with clinical training during the summer term.

The MAc curriculum includes Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, herbology, acupuncture and clinical medicine; and Western medicine.

The MAc program prepares graduates to be primary healthcare providers with skills of four branches of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Tui Na massage, acupuncture, Chinese dietary medicine and energetics and the integrative components of Western medicine.

Students can complete clinical hours through externships at a variety of settings such as Highland Hospital in Oakland, Janus, Mental Health Client Action Network, a veteran’s clinic, a community clinic or a private practice.

Five Branches University also offers international externships at one of its five sister schools in Taiwan, China or Korea.

Master’s degree students also take part in a Career Development Fair to demonstrate their knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

The degree also fulfills requirements for the National Acupuncture Certification Exam.

Individuals who want to practice in California and are not licensed Western medical practitioners must complete the MTCM program, which includes Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture studies.

The Master in Traditional Chinese Medicine (MTCM) program includes coursework in the “five branches” of traditional Chinese medicine: Tui Na massage, herbology, acupuncture, Chinese dietary medicine and energetics. The program also incorporates Western medical studies, such as Western diagnosis and pharmaceuticals. MTCM students also can earn specialty certifications in Medical Qigong, Sports Medicine, Five Element Acupuncture and Tui Na Massage.

The dual-degree Doctor and Master of Traditional Chinese Medicine program, a four-year graduate professional degree program, consists of 3,435 hours and 195.5 units.

Students earn the doctoral degree and also receive the master’s degree needed to sit for licensing and certification exams. The university offers the program on a trimester basis in Chinese and English, but only the English program holds accreditation.

The program incorporates herbology, energetics, Chinese dietary medicine and acupuncture with components of Western medicine.

Students must perform at least 350 patient treatments during clinical training. Students can complete a portion of their clinical hours through externships in private practice or community clinic settings. The university also offers study abroad options at five sister schools in Taiwan, China and Korea.

Five Branches University also offers a Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program, designed for licensed acupuncturists seeking to develop advanced skills in traditional Chinese medicine and earn a medical specialization. The university offers the 1,280-hour program at its San Jose campus in English and Chinese.

The Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program consists of 582 didactic hours and 698 clinical hours.

Five Branches University offers the courses during monthly three to four day weekend intensives with a flexible clinical training schedule.

Students can complete the DAOM program in 24 months.

The doctoral program includes the Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine perspective of a TCM practice.

Students can complete clinical training in the university’s health centers, community clinics and hospitals affiliated with its sister colleges in China.

Students also complete a capstone project.

Doctoral students can tailor the degree to their personal and professional goals through completing a specialization in Neuromuscular Medicine and Pain Management, Women’s Health and Endocrinology, Auricular Medicine or Cerebro-Cardiovascular Disease.

Upon completing the program, students can opt to attend an extra year of study – partially in China — to earn a Ph.D. from one of the university’s sister colleges: Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine or Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

The university operates clinics in San Jose and Santa Cruz.

Five Branches University has received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.
Admission requirements: Master’s degree candidates must have completed 90 semester credits of general education from a regionally accredited institution with at least a 2.75 grade point average. Doctoral candidates must hold a master’s degree in Traditional Chinese Medicine or Oriental Medicine from an accredited program.

8Maryland University of Integrative Health

(Laurel, Maryland)Maryland University of Integrative Health

Founded in 1974 as an acupuncture clinic, the acupuncture school established in 1981. Maryland University of Integrative Health (MUHI) offers programs in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, health and wellness coaching, herbal medicine, nutrition and integrative health, health promotion, and Yoga Therapy.

The university offers degrees such as Master of Oriental Medicine, Master of Acupuncture, Doctor of Oriental Medicine and Doctor of Acupuncture.

The university also offers integrative health consultations and treatment in its Natural Care Center.

Both the Master of Acupuncture and the Master of Oriental Medicine programs combine classroom teaching with clinical experience. The Oriental Medicine curriculum also integrates a concentration in the study of Chinese herbs.

Master’s degree students develop an understanding of the classical and theoretical foundations of acupuncture and Oriental medicine with a focus on the Eight Principle treatment strategies and the Constitutional Five Element Acupuncture tradition. Students also receive instruction in biomedicine from a holistic and integrative perspective.

The flexible, full-time format consists of two days each week with occasional intensives, online courses, and electives. Students complete 250 treatments in the Natural Care Center. Oriental Medicine students also complete 210 hours in the Chinese Herbs clinic.

Acupuncture students also can specialize in a clinical area such as women’s health or pain management or choose to deepen their understanding of Constitutional Five Element Acupuncture.

The Doctor of Acupuncture program provides students with a foundation in practice management as well as an understanding of the theoretical and classical foundations of Oriental medicine and acupuncture, and biomedicine from a holistic perspective.

The Doctor of Oriental Medicine degree program integrates the Doctor of Acupuncture curriculum with a concentration in Chinese herbs.

Both first-professional doctoral programs build on the competencies of the Master of Oriental Medicine program in addition to 28 doctoral-specific competencies, including systems-based medicine, research literacy and enhanced clinical training.

Students can enter with a bachelor’s degree and complete the doctorate in four years and four months. They also can earn their master’s degree while completing the doctorate program.

The hybrid programs include on-campus and online courses.

Students train at the on-campus clinic and off-campus community clinics. They also must pass a comprehensive exam, complete 310 treatments, and a research paper. Students in the Doctor of Oriental Medicine program also must complete 210 hours in the Chinese herb clinic.

The university also offers post-baccalaureate certificates in Chinese herbs and medical herbalism.

Maryland University of Integrative Health holds accreditation from the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

The university’s Master of Acupuncture program and the Master of Oriental Medicine program have received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

Admissions requirements: All applicants must hold a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution.

9 Northwestern Health Sciences University

(Bloomington, Minnesota)Northwestern Health Sciences University

Northwestern Health Sciences University, a private, non-profit university, enrolls about 870 students. Founded in 1941 as Northwestern College of Chiropractic, the university added acupuncture, Oriental medicine and massage programs in 1999.

The university is home to two colleges – Chiropractic, and Health and Wellness. The university offers a host of degree and certificate options including human biology, acupuncture, Oriental medicine and therapeutic massage.

The school emphasizes clinical training, hands-on skill building as well as a foundation in Eastern tradition and modern science. The school provides one clinical faculty member for every three interns. The core faculty members are from China or studied with masters in China.

The Master of Acupuncture program includes training in cultural foundations of traditional Chinese medicine, point location, acupuncture treatment principles, Tui Na and biomedical clinical sciences.

Students also complete 150 hours of observation/assistantship and 525 hours of supervised clinical practice.

Students can complete the Master’s degree in Acupuncture program in eight trimesters.

The Master of Oriental Medicine program, similar to the acupuncture program, includes instruction in traditional Chinese herbal medicine and herbal dispensary management. The program includes a clinical herbal internship.

Students must complete 150 hours of observation/assistantship and 720 hours of supervised clinical practice.

Students can complete the Master’s degree in Oriental Medicine program in nine trimesters.

Students gain clinical training experience performing treatments on the public at one of the university’s clinical internship sites, such as Abbott Northeastern Hospital – Penny George Institute for Health and Healing, Regions Hospital, University of Minnesota, Woodwinds Hospital, Pathways Minneapolis, Salvation Army Harbor Light Natural Care Center, the Aliveness Project and, Cerenity Senior Care Center.

The Wolfe-Harris Center for Clinical Studies serves as the university’s complementary and alternative medicine clinical research division.

The university also offers an herbal medicine certificate.

Students can enroll in either master’s degree program in January or September.

Northwestern Health Sciences University holds accreditation from the Higher Learning Commission. Its Master in Acupuncture and Master in Oriental Medicine degree programs also received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM).

Admission requirements: Applicants must hold at least 60 semester credits from an accredited institution with a minimum 2.5 grade point average.

10Pacific College of Oriental Medicine-San Diego

(San Diego, California)Pacific College of Oriental Medicine San Diego

Pacific College of Oriental Medicine San Diego (PCOM-SD), founded in 1986, provides students training in an integrative medicine approach, learning from Eastern and Western medicine theories and practices. The college also has campuses in New York City and Chicago. The college has received research grants from the National Institutes of Health and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute.

Students receive training at the professional acupuncture clinic which includes an herbal dispensary. Students have the opportunity to gain experience through off-site externships, located at hospitals, clinics, and designated treatment sites. Students have opportunities to treat the general public during various health and wellness events. Students also have access to an extensive library of Oriental Medicine.

Pacific College students receive instruction in traditional Oriental medical theory and techniques, herbal medicine, Tui Na, and acupuncture points and meridians, as well as pharmacology, nutrition and anatomy.

Students also can enroll in the college’s massage programs and earn a massage license while pursuing a master’s or doctorate in acupuncture.

The Master of Science in Traditional Oriental Medicine (MSTOM) program combines Asian medicine with a foundation in Western medicine. The four-year program consists of 191.5 units and 3,510 credit hours of clinical practice and theory. Courses include: acupuncture points, anatomy and physiology, herbology, Eastern nutrition and auricular acupuncture.

Graduates can sit for the California, state licensure exams and national certification exams.

Pacific College also offers a doctoral completion program for alumni of its master’s degree programs to receive an entry-level Doctor of Acupuncture (DAc) or Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) degree.

Course topics include evidence-informed practice, collaborative care, systems-based medicine and advanced integrative diagnostics.

The Post-Graduate Doctor of Oriental Medicine and Acupuncture program consists of 1,257.5 hours and 63.5 credits over six semesters.

Students must complete 21 units of clinical courses.

Course topics include family medicine, application of Chinese classics and evidence-based medicine.

The college also offers a certificate in Chinese herbology, which students can complete in six semesters.

Pacific College of Oriental Medicine holds accreditation from the WASC Senior College and University Commission. The Master of Science in Traditional Oriental Medicine and the Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine programs received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

Admission requirements: Master’s degree applicants must hold an associate’s degree or at least 60 semester credits from an accredited institution. Doctoral program applicants must hold a master’s degree or completed a master’s-level program in Oriental medicine or acupuncture from an accredited institution, earned at least a 3.0 grade point average and hold an acupuncture license.

11American College of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine

(Houston, Texas)American College of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine

Founded in 1991, the American College of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine (ACAOM) offers master’s programs in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, integrative healthcare leadership and integrative wellness management, a doctorate in acupuncture and Oriental medicine as well as a certificate in Chinese herbal medicine. ACAOM integrates Western and Eastern medicine to provide students with a strong background in holistic medicine and natural health.

The college has six sister schools in Taiwan and China and collaborates with Houston Methodist Hospital Healthcare System. The college also operates a clinic, which treats about 1,000 patients each month.

The 163-semester-credit Master in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program consists of didactic courses and clinical training. Course topics include herbology, tai chi, Tui Na, biomedical sciences and integrated medicine studies.

Students can complete the program in four years. The college offers most courses in the evening, and clinical training during weekdays and Saturdays.

The 60-semester-credit Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program provides students with extensive knowledge in the classics of Oriental medicine and acupuncture.

The program features courses in herbal medicine, research methodology and acupuncture as well as specialized training in herbal medicine and acupuncture as it relates to gynecology.

Students take part in clinical internships and rotations as well as dissertation and research.

ACAOM offers the program in a modular format with courses one weekend per month.

Students can complete the program in two years.

The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges provides accreditation to the American College of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine. The Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine also provides accreditation to the college’s Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program.

Admissions requirements: Master’s degree applicants must hold a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent from an accredited college or university with an undergraduate grade point average of 2.5 or a 3.0 grade point average in the last 60 semester hours.

Doctoral applicants must hold a master’s degree in Oriental medicine or acupuncture from an accredited college with at least a 3.0 grade point average.

12Atlantic Institute of Oriental Medicine

(Ft. Lauderdale, Florida)Atlantic Institute of Oriental Medicine, Ft Lauderdale, Florida

Founded in 1994, the Atlantic Institute of Oriental Medicine (ATOM) offers a Master’s in Oriental Medicine program and a Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine as well as continuing education programs. ATOM’s clinically based curriculum provides students with a biomedical foundation they can apply to Oriental medical practice. Most of the instructors have backgrounds in both Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Most of the DAOM visiting, adjunct faculty have backgrounds in TCM and Western medicine. Most of them have senior positions with TCM educational institutions in China.

The Master in Oriental Medicine program includes Western and Eastern medicine topics such as internal diseases of traditional Chinese medicine, scalp acupuncture and Western pathology. The program consists of 3,232 hours and 183.47 credit hours. Offered on a trimester system, students can complete the program in about four years.

Students complete a clinical practicum.

The university offers day and evening classes three or four days each week with a flexible schedule for clinic internships.

Graduates can sit for the Florida licensure exam and the national certification exam.

Students can apply a portion of the master’s-level curriculum toward a bachelor’s degree in health sciences. The university confers both degrees at the completion of the four-year master’s degree program.

Designed for Oriental medicine professionals and acupuncturists, the Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program includes training in advanced clinical intervention, advanced patient assessment, consultation skills and clinical supervision.

The professional doctoral program consists of 1,236 hours – 576 didactic hours and 660 clinical hours – over two years.

The curriculum includes courses in acupuncture, pediatrics and therapeutic manipulation as well as gastroenterology and neurology – from biomedical and TCM perspectives. Students also complete a capstone project.

The university offers monthly classes from Friday to Monday. The classes are in English.
Doctoral students attend a one-day training experience at the Miami Anatomical Research Center’s cadaver lab and complete an internship with doctors at the ATOM Student Clinic.

ATOM and the International Education College of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinses Medicine (IECSHUTCM) have an articulation agreement which provides students in ATOM’s DAOM program the opportunity to pursue the IECSHUTCM Ph.D. program in Traditional Chinses Medicine.

Students have the opportunity to complete an apprenticeship with healthcare professionals.

The university operates the ATOM Intern Clinic and has an affiliation with the Light of the World Clinic.

The Florida Commission for Independent Education has licensed Atlantic Institute of Oriental Medicine to confer degrees.

The institute’s professional Master of Oriental Medicine program and the Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program have received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

Admission requirements: Master’s degree applicants must hold at least 60 semester credits, including 19 hours in general education/liberal arts subjects. Doctoral program applicants must hold a master’s degree or have completed a master’s-level program in Oriental medicine from an accredited program.

13Pacific College of Oriental Medicine-New York

(New York, New York)Pacific College of Oriental Medicine, New York, New York

Pacific College of Oriental Medicine New York, provides students training in an integrative medicine approach, learning from Eastern and Western medicine theories and practices.

Students obtain training at the professional acupuncture clinic which has an herbal dispensary. Students can gain experience through off-site externships, located at hospitals, clinics, and designated treatment sites. The college also provides an extensive library of Oriental Medicine.

The Master of Science in Traditional Oriental Medicine (MSTOM) program combines Asian medicine with a foundation in Western medicine. The four-year program consists of 191.5 units and 3,510 credit hours of clinical practice and theory.

MSTOM program courses include: acupuncture points, anatomy and physiology, herbology, Eastern nutrition, and auricular acupuncture.

The Master in Acupuncture degree program focuses on acupuncture and Oriental medicine to achieve health and well-being. Students choose to focus on either traditional or classical Oriental medicine.

The three or four-year program consists of 172.5 units or 3,232.5 credit hours of theory and practice.

Courses include: anatomy and physiology, Tui Na hand and structural techniques, needle technique, and auricular acupuncture.
Graduates can sit for the New York state licensure exam and national certification exams.

The Master of Science in Traditional Oriental Medicine and the Master in Acupuncture programs received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

Admission requirements: Master’s degree applicants must hold an associate’s degree or at least 60 semester credits from an accredited institution.

14Tri-State College of Acupuncture

(New York, New York)tri-state-college-of-acupuncture-boost

Established in 1979, Tri-State College of Acupuncture integrates classical traditions and modern approaches in acupuncture training and provides continuing education for biomedical professionals and acupuncturists. The college offers Master of Science in Acupuncture and Master of Science in Oriental Medicine degrees as well as a Chinese herbology certificate program.

Tri-State College of Acupuncture serves the public through its partnerships with community health centers and hospitals as well as acupuncture and Chinese herbal clinics.

The three-year Master in Acupuncture program provides students with hands-on training in three styles of acupuncture – Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture Physical Medicine and Japanese Acupuncture.

Designed to provide students with a well-rounded education in classical Chinese medicine, the curriculum emphasizes the meridian perspective and the use of palpation for treatment and diagnosis with training in qi gong, cupping and gua sha. Students also gain an integrated perspective through courses in Western biomedical theory.

Students take part in clinical practice classes, where they give and receive treatments, and work in the college’s on-site Community Clinic. They also complete a clinical internship.

Students develop a comprehensive business plan and take courses in business, ethics and legal issues.

The 114.1 credit/2,196-hour program prepares students for the NCCAOM national board exams and licensure in New Jersey, New York and Connecticut.

The college limits program enrollment to 55 students per year.

The four-year Master in Oriental Medicine program combines the acupuncture program with 810 hours of training in botany, Chinese herbology and nutrition.

Most students complete the Masters in Acupuncture, transfer into the Oriental Medicine program with advanced standing and complete an herbal clinical internship and Chinese herbology courses.

Students who hold a master’s level degree in acupuncture from another accredited institution can take the 810-hour course and earn the Advanced Certificate in Chinese Herbology.

The Oriental Medicine program allows students advanced study in gynecology, dermatology, and musculoskeletal and channel dysfunction. The curriculum includes Asian dietary theory, Western and Eastern nutrition, and classical theories and texts.

Students complete an internship in the college’s Herbal Community Clinic and present complex clinical cases.

Admissions requirements: Applicants must hold an associate’s degree – or 60 semester credits — from an accredited institution with a minimum 2.5 grade point average.

Tri-State College of Acupuncture also offers a Postgraduate Clinical Affiliations Program, which allows licensed graduates the chance to work in community-based health programs throughout New York City. Externs take part in a six-month acupuncture rotation and receive educational seminars via conference call.

Students can earn continuing education credits through the tuition-free program.

Master in Acupuncture and the Master in Oriental Medicine programs hold accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

15Texas Health and Science University

(Austin, Texas)Texas Health and Science University

Texas Health and Science University, founded in 1990, offers programs in acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine, business, and English as a Second Language. The university also has a branch campus in San Antonio and operates Student Intern and Professional clinics in Austin as well as the Acupuncture Health Clinic in San Antonio.

Texas Health and Science University has several sister schools in China and Taiwan and offers a dual degree program with Zhejiang Chinese Medical University.

Through its College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, students can pursue Bachelor in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Master in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, a combined Master in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine and Master of Business Administration or MBA in Healthcare Management, and Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degrees.

All students must treat at least 350 patients in the university’s Student Intern Clinic.

The Bachelor in Traditional Chinese Medicine program, open to students who have completed general education requirements at another school, includes courses in Chinese terminology and phonetics, point location, biomedical concepts and Western medical history, reflexology and herbology.

Students transfer at least 60 credits and complete 70 credits/1,125 hours at Texas Health. Students must complete the program in six trimesters.

The Master’s in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degree program includes courses in Qi Gong, herbology, diagnosis, and anatomy and physiology.

Students also complete more than 700 clinical internship hours.

Students must complete internship hours and coursework in 15 trimesters.

The university also offers a combined Master in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine and Master of Business Administration or MBA in Healthcare Management. The program prepares graduates to manage their own clinics.

Acupuncture program classes meet weekdays, while the MBA program classes meet Saturdays.

The Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Program provides students with advanced integrative study in pain management.

Students attend classes four days – an intensive weekend – each month for 28 months.

The 59-credit-hour – 1,230-clock-hour – doctoral program consists of 28 modules and includes courses in Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, integrative medicine and specialty case studies.

Clinical training includes collaboration, supervision and internship.

Doctoral students also complete a capstone project.

The Dual Master’s degree in Traditional Chinese Medicine – offered in partnership with the International Education College at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University in Zhejiang, China – features instruction and clinical hours in the U.S. and China.

The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board authorized Texas Health and Science University to award the Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degree.

The university received accreditation from the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools to award master’s degrees and bachelor’s degrees. Texas Health and Science University’s Master’s in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degree program also received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

Admissions requirements: Applicants should have 60 semester credits in general education with a minimum 2.0 cumulative grade point average.

Doctoral applicants must hold a master’s degree in Oriental medicine from an accredited school with at least 2,770 clock hours.

16American Academy of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine

(Roseville, Minnesota)American Academy of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine

The American Academy of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine (AAAOM), founded 1997, offers master and doctoral degrees in acupuncture and Oriental Medicine as well as a certificate in massage. Instruction combines fundamental concepts of Western biomedicine and Chinese medicine with an emphasis in the integration of traditional healing practices and Western medicine.

AAAOM has one of the largest TCM libraries in the country. The faculty has jointly published more than 600 articles, books and studies. AAAOM reports to have more than 20 doctoral faculty members. The school also has an extensive clinic network to serve patients in the community.

The academy is affiliated with several medical schools in China, such as its sister school, the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jinan, China. Advanced students can continue their studies there at the Ph.D. level or take part in certificate programs. Students also can study or take part in observation at Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.

Students develop skills in herbal medicine, medical Tui Na massage, dietary therapy, acupuncture, tai chi and qi gong as well as clinical skills through observation and internship.

The 182-credit Master of Science in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (MSAOM) degree emphasizes Chinese herbology and acupuncture.

Students complete 1,740 hours of didactic instruction, 900 hours of clinical observation and training, and 540 hours of bioscience-related material. Students must complete at least 360 treatments and see at least 72 patients.

Students can choose to develop skills in one of these areas of traditional Chinese medicine: Geriatrics, pediatrics, internal medicine, musculo-skeletal disorders, gynecology, neurological disorders, dermatology or sensory organ disorders.

Courses include tai chi, meridians, microbiology, Clinical Chinese herbology and Western medical pathology.

Full-time students can earn the MSAOM degree in 12 trimesters. The school also offers part-time and accelerated options. Designed to prepare graduates to practice traditional Chinese medicine, the 62-credit Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) program allows students to develop an understanding of health conditions from the perspective of Western and traditional Chinese medicine.

The 1,260-hour DAOM program emphasizes traditional Chinese medicine neurology, orthopedics, gynecology, oncology and psychiatry.

Doctoral students attend classes Friday to Monday every four weeks for two years.

Students must complete a capstone research project and 660 hours of clinical practicum/training on-campus or at off-campus clinics.

The Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine provides accreditation to the American Academy of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine’s Master of Science in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program.

Admissions requirements: Master’s degree program applicants must hold at least 60 semester credits at the baccalaureate level, or its equivalent. Doctoral program applicants must hold a master’s degree, or its equivalent, in acupuncture and Oriental medicine from an accredited institution with a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.5.

17New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine

(Mineola, New York)New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola, NY

New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, founded in 1996, offers degree programs in acupuncture, Oriental medicine and Chinese herbology as well as a medical Qigong practitioner certificate program. Most of the faculty obtained their training in China and have extensive teaching and clinical experience in China and the United States. The college provides small classes.

The college operates a Teaching Clinic, which offers care to the community and a clinical internship site for students. The college has acupuncture clinics on Long Island and in Manhattan.

New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine offers most classes on weekends.

The three-year Master in Acupuncture program consists of three strands of courses – acupuncture, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western biomedical sciences.

The 141-credit program’s curriculum includes theories of Chinese physiology based on the five elements and Yin and Yang, meridians and point location, medical terminology, Western diagnosis and pharmacology.

Students must complete courses in massage, Eastern nutrition, energy work, herbology, and professional ethics. Acupuncture students complete 720 clinical training hours through observation, assistantship and internship.

The college’s four-year Master in Oriental Medicine degree program is similar to the Acupuncture program with an additional strand of courses in Chinese Herbology.

The 184-credit curriculum includes courses in Chinese herbal classics, toxicity and safe use of herbs.

Oriental Medicine students complete 900 clinical training hours through observation, assistantship and internship – including preparing formulas in the herbal pharmacy.

The master’s programs prepare graduates for licensure and practice in New York.

Designed for licensed acupuncturists and those with acupuncture degrees, the Chinese Herbology Certificate Program consists of 510 hours of didactic courses and 360 hours of clinical training over five trimesters.

The New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine’s Master’s degree in Acupuncture program and Master’s degree in Oriental Medicine programs received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM).

Admissions requirements: Applicants must have completed 60 undergraduate credits from an accredited institution with a minimum 2.5 grade point average.

18National College of Natural Medicine

(Portland, Oregon)ncnm

Established in 1956, the National College of Natural Medicine is the oldest accredited naturopathic medical college in the nation. The college offers programs in classical Chinese medicine, naturopathic medicine, integrative mental health, integrative medicine research, and nutrition.

The college operates several natural medicine clinics, a medicinary, a laboratory, and the Helfgott Research Institute.

Through the School of Classical Chinese Medicine, students can pursue a Master of Science in Oriental Medicine or a Doctor of Science in Oriental Medicine, which incorporates the master’s program.

Both programs emphasize a “scholar-practitioner” educational style and provide students with a holistic education in Western medicine, classical foundations and training in the clinical applications of Chinese medicine.

The 3,474-hour/ 226-credit Master of Science in Oriental Medicine (MSOM) degree includes courses in acupuncture, body work, nutrition and qigong.

Students can complete the MSOM program in four years. (Students also can enroll in the Master’s in Oriental Medicine and Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine programs concurrently and finish in six years.)

Master’s degree students complete clinical observation hours and a clinical internship.

During the four-year Doctor of Science in Oriental Medicine program, students can fulfill master’s degree competencies and learn to apply ancient knowledge in today’s healthcare system.

The doctoral program emphasizes the application of biomedical knowledge within whole-systems science. Students take part in weekend qigong retreats and complete a capstone project. Doctoral graduates also receive their Master in Oriental Medicine degree.

The National College of Natural Medicine received accreditation from the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. The college’s Master of Science in Oriental Medicine degree holds accreditation from the Accreditation Commission or Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. The California Board of Acupuncture and the New Mexico Board of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine approved the college’s programs.

Admissions requirements: All applicants must hold a bachelor’s degree or higher from an accredited institution.

19Seattle Institute of Oriental Medicine

(Seattle, Washington)Seattle Institute of Oriental Medicine, Seattle, Washington

The Seattle Institute of Oriental Medicine, founded in 1994, believes in providing small class sizes with hands-on supervision and clinical experience with experienced practitioners in a diverse range of styles along with exposure to medical Chinese language to provide an education in East-Asian medicine. In their first year students assist experienced practitioners every week in the care of patients. The faculty includes instructors trained in approaches from mainland China, Japan, Taiwan and Europe as well as modern and ancient acupuncture and herbal strategies.

Seattle Institute of Oriental Medicine offers Master’s degrees in acupuncture, and acupuncture and oriental medicine, and a Doctor of Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine degree.

The institute operates acupuncture and Chinese herb clinics, acupuncture clinics, massage clinics, faculty clinics and the Greenlake Community Acupuncture Clinic.

The Seattle Institute of Oriental Medicine accepts about 14 students each year into its program.

During their first year of study, students receive a broad foundation in East-Asian medicine – allowing them to make an informed decision as to whether to focus on acupuncture therapies (Master of Acupuncture degree) or acupuncture and herbal therapies (Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine degree).

Regardless of the chosen degree option, the curriculum focuses on clinical practice and a deepened understanding of the biomedical perspective of diseases.

Learning in the Master of Acupuncture degree program includes the technical aspect of techniques as well as clinical practice and demonstration of the basic skills for assessment, diagnosis, treatment and referral.

Individuals pursuing the Master’s degree in acupuncture and Oriental medicine receive training in integrated clinics combining acupuncture and herbal medicine. They receive instruction in Chinese herbs, Chinese medical language and Chinese medical classes. They also have weekly clinical preceptorships and help in the herbal dispensary.

All students complete clinical internships in community clinics, drug treatment centers or other facilities.

Students can earn the Master’s degree in Acupuncture in three years; the Master’s in Oriental Medicine and the Doctor of Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine require an additional year.

Doctoral students hone their clinical and communication skills. They also will work with mentors selected by the student and approved by the school.

Designed to prepare graduates for careers as clinicians and educators, the Doctor of Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine program emphasizes clinical specialties, research activities, teaching experience and advanced clinical practice.

The Seattle Institute of Oriental Medicine’s Master in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine and Master in Acupuncture degree programs hold accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

The Washington State Department of Health recognizes the institute as an approved college of acupuncture and Oriental medicine.

Admissions requirements: Master’s degree applicants must have at least three years of study at the baccalaureate level with a minimum 3.0 grade point average.

20Finger Lakes School of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine of New York Chiropractic College

(Seneca Falls, New York)finger

New York Chiropractic College, founded in 1919, offers master’s degrees in acupuncture, and acupuncture and Oriental medicine through the Finger Lakes School of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine. The campus features a hands-on anatomy lab, an herb garden and dispensary lab.

Designed to prepare graduates for professional clinical practice, the programs provide students with a foundation in Oriental medicine traditions combined with biomedicine instruction.

The 120-credit Master in Acupuncture degree program consists of 2,265 contact hours with didactic and clinical elements.

The curriculum includes instruction in acupuncture, anatomy, Tui Na, nutrition, Tai Ji Chuan, moxibustion, and breathing techniques.

Students complete clinical observation and assistantship as well as a year-long clinical internship.

The 164-credit Master in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program consists of 3,060 contact hours.

The Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine program includes the Anatomy degree curriculum as well as herbal medicine courses. Students also complete practical training in herb preparation and herb dispensary management.

All students take part in 105 hours of clinical training at various sites, including at the Veteran’s Administration Hospital in Canandaigua, the Campus Health Center and the Seneca Falls Health Center.

The college also offers a China Abroad Program. The two-week course combines didactic and clinical training at the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hangzhou, China.

The New York State Education Department of the State University of New York registered New York Chiropractic College’s master degree programs in acupuncture and Oriental medicine.

The Middle States Commission on Higher Education provides accreditation to New York Chiropractic College. The school received accreditation from the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine for its Master in Acupuncture and Master in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine programs.

Admission requirements: Applicants must hold at least 90 semester hours of college credit – including nine credits of bioscience coursework – from an accredited institution with at least a 2.0 grade point average in the bioscience courses and a 2.5 cumulative GPA.

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A true history of acupuncture

By David Ramey, Paul D Buell
Focus Altern Complement Ther 2004; 9: 269–73
Acupuncture in China
The chronology of acupuncture is fairly well established, albeit along a somewhat uneven timeline. Claims that acupuncture is many thousands of years old are suspect; neither archaeological nor historical evidence suggests acupuncture was practised in China prior to the mid-2nd century BC at the earliest, and those claims are subject for debate. Indeed, exactly when acupuncture can be said to have begun in China depends on two things: (i) the willingness to accept early dating of historical texts and (ii) the definition of ‘needling.’ If the use of any kind of penetrating instrument (‘needling’) is considered acupuncture, then acupuncture began early in China but also in contemporaneous cultures, who also used bleeding and cautery at points on the human body.
The earliest archaeological findings, from the 1970s, are four gold and five silver needles, discovered in the tomb of Han Dynasty Prince Liu Sheng (?–113 BC) in Hebei Province. Since these artefacts were found in association with other therapeutic instruments, they may have been employed in therapeutic ‘needling’ of some sort.1 However, the exact nature of this ‘needling’ is unclear and it may not have been used for purposes that we think of today as acupuncture (for example, according to the Chinese classic medical text Huang Di Neijing, ‘needles’ were also used to remove ‘water’ from joints or to lance abscesses).
The earliest Chinese medical texts known today were discovered at the Mawangdui graves, sealed in 168 BC and the Zhangjiashan burial site, closed between 186 and 156 BC.2 These documents provide the first descriptions ofmai, imaginary ‘channels’ that were associated with diagnosis and treatment. However, in these texts, therapeutic interventions, or needling, are never mentioned. The earliest literary reference to any kind of therapeutic ‘needling’ (zhen) is found in a historical, rather than a medical, text, the Shiji, (Records of the Historian), of Sima Qian, written c. 90 BC. The Shiji mentions one instance of ‘needling’ in the texts but that needling was not associated with a system of insertion points or with the fundamental system of conduits (described in later centuries) whose qiflow might be influenced by such needling. Indeed, the story of resuscitating a dead prince with a needle placed in the back of his head may, in fact, merely reflect lancing of a boil or abscess.
The classic text Huang Di Neijing introduced the practice and theoretical underpinnings of what clearly became human acupuncture in the historical sense (i.e. the manipulation of qi flowing in vessels or conduits by means of needling). The book, which now comprises three distinct redactions, is made up from textual pieces by various authors writing in various times. Although it is not clear when individual pieces were written or included in the larger textual tradition,3 the main content of the book dates from later centuries and the earliest recoverable versions date to between the 5th and 8th centuries AD4 (although Han Dynasty origins are claimed for the Huang Di Neijing, they are based on dubious bibliographical references that may or may not have anything to do with existing versions of the texts). Most of the texts available today went through final revision as late as the 11th century AD and such revisions may not reflect earlier work.
The Huang Di Neijing introduced the idea that the body contained functional centres (‘depots’ and ‘palaces’) connected by a series of primary and secondary conduits that allowed for influences (qi) to pass within the body and to enter from without. Older parts of the book are influenced by instructions to treat illness by bloodletting. (It has been theorised that bloodletting eventually developed into acupuncture and the focus shifted from removing visible blood to regulating invisible qi.) Interestingly, the text largely ignores specific skin points at which needles can be inserted. In fact, needling is a minor tradition in the book and much of the therapy described in the text is minor surgery, bloodletting and massage. (This description is incorrect. Both the Suwen (Plain Questions) andLingshu (Spiritual Pivot) mainly discuss acupuncture practice. Noted by Bai Xinghua)
Subsequently, perhaps in Song times, (AD 960–1279), acupuncture, or at least a prototype thereof, became increasingly systematised, as typified by the work of Wang Weiyi in connection with his acupuncture bronze man.5Later still, theories of systematic correspondence were integrated with acupuncture. The final step, taking place no earlier than late Qing times (AD 1644–1911) was the development of fine steel needles. Still, throughout Chinese history, acupuncture was a minor tradition, and only in the last few decades has it become a dominant tradition, even to the near exclusion of Chinese herbal medicine which was, historically, much more important.
Doubts about the efficacy of needling therapy appear early. Repeated quotes that, if one does not believe in needling, one should not use it, appear in Han dynasty writings.6 Subsequently, for unknown reasons, needling lost much of its appeal by the middle of the second millennium. By at least 1757, the ‘loss of acupuncture tradition’ was lamented and it was noted that the acupuncture points, channels and practices in use at the time were very different from those described in the ancient texts.7 Eventually the Chinese and other Eastern societies took steps to try to eliminate the practice altogether. In an effort to modernise medicine, the Chinese government attempted to ban acupuncture for the first of several times in 1822, when the Qing government forbade the teaching of acupuncture and moxacautery in the taiyiyuan. The Japanese officially prohibited the practice in 1876.8 By the 1911 revolution, acupuncture was no longer a subject for examination in the Chinese Imperial Medical Academy.9
During the Great Leap Forward of the 1950s and the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, Chairman Mao Zedong promoted acupuncture and traditional medical techniques as pragmatic solutions to providing health care to a vast population that was terribly undersupplied with doctors10 and as a superior alternative to decadent ‘imperialist’ practices (even though Mao apparently eschewed such therapies for his own personal health11). Here they lay until rediscovered in the most recent wave of interest in Chinese medical practices, dating from US President Richard Nixon’s 1972 visit to the People’s Republic of China, which ended nearly a quarter century of China’s isolation from the USA.
Acupuncture in the West
Chinese medicine was first mentioned in Western literature as early as the 13th century AD in the travelogue of William of Rubruck,12 but the Western world became aware of needling a few centuries later. By the late 16th century, a few stray manuals, now held by the Escorial in Madrid, Spain, had reached Europe. Accounts of actual practice soon followed, some quite detailed. It reached the USA somewhat later. It has since been rejected, forgotten and rediscovered again in at least four major waves, including the current one. For a time, acupuncture became fairly well established in parts of Europe, particularly in France and Germany (concurrent with Chinese attempts to ban the practice). Several prominent French physicians advocated acupuncture in the 18th and 19th centuries, but other equally prominent doctors were not impressed, accusing proponents of resurrecting an absurd doctrine from well-deserved oblivion.13 Nineteenth century England also saw a brief period of popularity for acupuncture; an 1821 journal noted that acupuncture consisted of ‘inserting a needle into the muscular parts of the body, to the depth, sometimes, of an inch.’14 However, by 1829 the editor of the Medico-Chirurgical Reviewwas able to write: ‘A little while ago the town rang with “acupuncture”, everybody talked of it, everyone was curing incurable diseases with it; but now not a syllable is said upon the subject.’15 Georges Souli de Morant, a French diplomat resident in China who became fascinated by acupuncture as a cure for cholera and subsequently published his influential book L’Acupuncture Chinoise in 1939, kindled the first of the 20th century waves of interest in acupuncture. Souli de Morant was important in creating the myth of acupuncture, for example inventing the term ‘meridian,’ now widely used in Western acupuncture literature to designate channels along which qimoves, although there is, unfortunately, no direct equivalent in Chinese literature.
In the USA, acupuncture enjoyed a brief period of popularity during the first half of the 19th century, particularly among physicians in the Philadelphia area.16 In 1826, three local physicians conducted experiments with acupuncture as a possible means of resuscitating drowned people, based on claims by European experimenters that they had successfully revived drowned kittens by inserting acupuncture needles into their hearts. Those same physicians were unable to duplicate their successes and subsequently ‘gave up in disgust.’17 The 1829 edition of Tavernier’s Elements of Operative Surgery includes three pages on how and when one might perform not only acupuncture but also ‘electro-acupuncturation.’18 Publications extolling the practice appeared on occasion for the next 20 years.
Although none of the early American accounts of acupuncture make any mention of acupuncture points, channels or meridians, they all claim substantial success as a result of inserting needles directly into, or in the immediate vicinity of, painful or otherwise afflicted areas. However, by the second half of the 19th century, Western practitioners had largely abandoned acupuncture. In 1859 it was concluded that ‘its advantages have been much overrated, and the practice … has fallen into disrepute.’19 The Index Catalogue of the Surgeon-General’s library includes barely half-a-dozen titles on the subject for the entire half-century of 1850–1900. The 1913 edition of Webster’s unabridged dictionary describes acupuncture only as, ‘The insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial purposes,’ and acupressure, another modern transmogrification, as ‘a mode of arresting haemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface.’
Conclusions
Twentieth century scholars have imagined a trial and error system of development whereby knowledge was collectively accumulated into a medical ‘system.’ One view has been that, over time, crude stone lancets were replaced with fine metal needles, and acupuncture points and channels were codified, leading to a new age of medical sophistication. However, there is now considerable doubt about the existence of a trial and error system,20as well as the assumption that ‘needling,’ as described in historical Chinese medical texts, is today’s acupuncture. Indeed, despite antecedent ideas and practices, modern acupuncture, which includes novel variants such as electroacupuncture, may never have existed in traditional China in anything like the form in which it is practised today.
References
  1. Yamada K. The Origins of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Decoction. Kyoto, Japan: International Research Center for Japanese Studies, 1998.
  2. Harper D. Early Chinese Medical Literature: the Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts. London, UK: Kegan Paul International, 1997.
  3. Keegan DJ. The Huang-Ti Nei-Ching: the Structure of the Compilation, the Significance of the Compilation, Dissertation, UMI Dissertation Service Order8916728, 1988;
  4. Akahori A. The interpretation of classical Chinese medical texts in contemporary Japan: achievements, approaches, and problems. In: Unschuld P (Ed). Approaches to Traditional Chinese Medical Literature.Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989. 19–27.
  5. http://www.shen-nong.com/eng/shen-nong/history/five/five.htm (accessed 30 August, 2004)
  6. Lu G, Needham J. Celestial Lancets: a History and Rationale of Acupuncture and Moxa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
  7. Unschuld P. Forgotten Traditions of Ancient Chinese Medicine. Brookline, MA: Paradigm Publications, 1998.
  8. Skrbanek P. Acupuncture: past, present and future. In: Stalker D, Glymour C (Eds). Examining Holistic Medicine. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1985. 182–6.
  9. Prioreschi P. A History of Medicine. Omaha, NE: Horatius Press, 1: 1995.
  10. Huard P, Wong M. Chinese Medicine. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1968.
  11. Li Z. The Private Life of Chairman Mao: the Inside Story of the Man Who Made Modern China. London: Chatto & Windus, 1994.
  12. Jackson P, Morgan D (Eds). The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck. London: Hakluyt Society, second series,173: 1990.
  13. Lacassagne J. Le docteur Louis Berlioz – introducteur de l’acupuncture en France. Presse Med 1954; 62: 1359–60.
  14. Oxford Unabridged English Dictionary. Acupuncturation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.
  15. Anon . Acupuncturation. Medico-Chirugical Rev (London) 1829; 11: 166–7.
  16. Cassedy J. Early uses of acupuncture in the United States, with an addendum (1826) by Franklin Bache, MD. Bull N Y Acad Med 1974; 50: 892–906.
  17. Coxe E. Observations on asphyxia from drowning. N Am Med Surg J 1826; 292–3.
  18. Tavernier A. Elements of Operative Surgery, Gross S (translator and Ed.). Philadelphia: Grigg, Crissy, Towar & Hogan, Auner, 1829.
  19. Gross S. A System of Surgery. Philadelphia: Blanchard & Lea, 1: 1859.
  20. Lo V. The territory between life and death. Med History 2003; 47: 250–8.

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[Information in 2006]

-What are the requirements to become an Acupuncturist?

The requirements to practice acupuncture are determined by each individual state and vary according to the different states.  In most states across the country the requirement is graduation from an accredited school of acupuncture and successfully passing the national certification examination (NCCAOM).

There are more than 50 schools of acupuncture accredited in the United States.  Accreditation is done by the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM) which is recognized for this purpose by the U.S. Department of Education.  To be accredited, a school must meet a number of standards for facilities, faculty and program.  The degree program is at the Master’s level or higher and typically includes more than 3,000 hours of instruction and supervised clinical practice.  It takes approximately three years to earn the degree.  For most schools, a bachelor’s degree and proficiency in English language is required.  Information about ACAOM and a list of schools can be found at www.acaom.org.  A few states, including
California, do their own accrediting of schools and may recognize schools within and outside of the boundaries of the state.

-Which certification are needed?

For most states, certification involves passing the certification examination of the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM). This examination is offered several times each year at different locations around the country(now using computer testing method).  To be eligible to take the examination, a candidate must have graduated from an accredited school of acupuncture.  To maintain certification through a career, an acupuncturist may be required to participate in Continuing Education courses approved by the NCCAOM and submitted to them every two years. Some states, notably California, operate their own certification system and examination and do not use the NCCAOM. Information about certification may be found at www.nccaom.org.

-Which licenses are needed?

Licensing requirements vary widely from state to state for acupuncturists.  In addition, many states permit other health professionals to practice acupuncture under different rules.

Physicians are often permitted to practice acupuncture with little or no additional training.  In some states physicians, chiropractors,naturopaths, and other healthcare professionals may be allowed to practice acupuncture with as little as 100 to 300 hours of instruction.  National organizations like the AOMAlliance (www.aomalliance.org, now AAAOM)  encourage the public to seek out the help of fully trained acupuncturists, usually designated by the letters L.Ac.(Licensed Acupuncturist) following their names.  These are the professionals with the most complete education and training in the field of acupuncture.

-What are the typical starting salaries?

Most acupuncturists do not receive salaries, but work to develop a private practice.  The financial rewards of these practices vary widely with experience, entrepreneurial ability, location, and a host of other factors.  In general, many brand new acupuncturists find the first few years to be financially challenging.  A well established
practice will ultimately yield a comfortable living for a family,ranging from $30,000 per year up.  The most successful acupuncturists may make up to ten times that amount.

More and more acupuncturists are joining integrated medical establishments such as hospitals, larger clinics, etc.  These practitioners often receive salaries and are typically compensated similarly to the higher end technical people or at the lower end of the scale for physicians.

-Are there major salary differences between various US states?

The economics of acupuncture mirror the economy of the nation, with the largest financial rewards coming on the coasts and in urban and suburban areas.  Nearly half of the acupuncturists in the United States are found in California.  The most lucrative practices are found there and in the northeastern U.S.

-What is the typical salary at age 40?

For many practitioners, acupuncture is a second career.  Many do not begin practice until after the age of 40.  For those who move straight from college to acupuncture school and then into practice, the age of 40 will have seen them in practice for about 15 years.  Acupuncturists who have remained in practice for 15 years (regardless of age) fall into the category of well-established practices that usually yield $30,000 annually or more.

– How long does it take for the practice to be established?

Most new practitioners find the first three to five years to be the most difficult.  We find that success is usually established by the fifth year, if not sooner.

-How many clients are expected per day?

There are several different practice methods for acupuncturists.  Some choose to operate much like consulting physicians, dealing with a single patient at a time.  Typically they charge higher fees per patient and see four or five patients a day.  Others operate more like clinics, with two or three practice rooms working together.  Their fees may be less and they may see eight to twelve patients daily. Some acupuncturists practice community-style acupuncture and treat patients in groups.  The largest of these clinics may see more than 50 patients every day.

-What are the opportunities for career progression?

Career progression opportunities in acupuncture are closely related to the notion that most practitioners are in private practice. Successful practitioners often find their practices expanding beyond their own ability to serve them.  They may bring in additional acupuncturists, or add other professionals such as massage therapists
or Chinese herbalists to provide a wider range of services.  They often receive invitations to assist in other medical establishments. The very best find their way into the schools as teachers.

– How much demand for acupuncturist is there?Demand for acupuncture is growing exponentially in America.  The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) an arm of the National Institutes for Health, has documented the ever-growing number of Americans seeking assistance from all forms of complementary medicine, including acupuncture.  At present, nearly 50% of the population routinely turns to one form of complementary medicine or another.  While the number is smaller for acupuncture, there are still an estimated 3 million active or former acupuncture patients.

 – Will the demand grow in the future?

Federal labor needs statistics have estimated the need for acupuncturists at nearly  100 thousand within the next ten years.  Our current educational system will not be able to create that many, but they will find themselves increasingly in demand year by year. Prospects for a career in acupuncture are becoming dramatically more exciting.

– How many acupuncturists are in the US?

It depends on what you count.  Our best guess is that there are between 22,000 and 23,000 practicing acupuncturists. This includes estimates of those practicing underground in urban ethnic communities or in states where the practice is not regulated by law.  There is a like number of other practitioners who provide some acupuncture as part of other practices.  In all, we estimate that as many as 45,000 individuals offer acupuncture across the country.  Only about half of these are fully trained and licensed.

-How many there will be in the next 10 years?

We anticipate that the number of licensed acupuncturists will double over the next ten years.

How do you see the trend in acupuncture in the next 10 years?

It is becoming increasingly clear that the American healthcare delivery system is in transition.  As traditional Western medicine becomes more expensive and health insurance falls out of the means of more and more people, there has begun a movement to find more cost efficient alternatives.  Acupuncture provides very effective treatment for many conditions at a fraction of the cost.  It is also part of
that complex of patient-centered approaches that focuses on wellness, rather than rescue from illness.  Most policy analysts expect all forms of complementary and alternative medicine, especially acupuncture and Oriental medicine, to gain dramatically in popularity over the next few years.  The medicine is safe, effective, less expensive, and less intrusive than modern scientific remedies relying on drugs or surgery.  Prospects for acupuncturists have never been brighter.

This article is edited by Dr. Arthur Fan, the original info is from: http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview/id/754630.html

www.ChineseMedicineDoctor.us

 
   
 
   

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