一、生平承淡安（公元1899-1957年），又名启桐。江苏江阴市人，是民国及中华人民共和国初期著名的针灸医家、学者和教育家。
 青年承淡安 |
 承淡安故居 |
二、医学事迹
（一）创办针灸学研究社和函授班
兴办学社，弘扬针灸，开展针灸教育，是承淡安最突出的成就。当时的针灸医学自清道光帝下令太医院废止针灸科之后日趋衰落，针灸医生更是寥若晨星。承淡安鉴于此，以振兴针灸医学为己任，积极策划培养针灸人才。1929年他于苏州望亭创办“中国针灸学研究社”，设立针灸函授班，广传薪火。这是中国教育史上最早的针灸函授机构。他亲自编写的教材《中国针灸治疗学》，深入浅出，通俗易懂；自行绘制的《人体经穴图》，经络腧穴清晰可辨，便于学员自学。他还创办了最早的针灸学杂志——《针灸杂志》，扩大了针灸医学在国内外的影响和推广应用。
 第一届中国针灸学研究社实习生毕业合影 |
 《针灸杂志》第一期书影 |
（二）东渡日本交流针灸学术
针灸医学从六世纪传入日本后，颇受重视，一直盛行不衰，各地举办了多所针灸专业学校。1934年秋，承淡安东渡扶桑，考察日本针灸现状和办学情况。历时8个月，他参观了日本各地针灸学校，与针灸界人士切磋学术，相互交流。在日本他发现了国内早已亡佚的滑寿之作——《十四经发挥》古本，并将之携带回国后校注刊行，为弘扬中医针灸学术，发展对外交流做出了贡献。
（三）创办中国针灸医学专门学校和针灸疗养院
1935年，承淡安从日本回国后，决定以中国针灸学研究社为基础，附设学校，汲取日本办校中有益的经验，结合该社的具体条件，创办了“中国针灸讲习所”。1936年7月，创办“针灸疗养院”，设病房和门诊治疗室，为学员提供了见习和实习基地。翌年，讲习所更名为“中国针灸医学专门学校”。该校培养出一批成绩优异的学员，分散全国各地，为此后针灸事业的发展，播下了种子。
1937年抗日战争爆发以后，承淡安避难西迁。在恶劣处境中，他不忘夙志，独立支撑，依旧坚持行医教学。中华人民共和国成立之后，承淡安受到极大鼓舞，召集旧友积极筹备复社工作。1951年终于在苏州恢复“中国针灸研究社”。1954年，江苏省人民政府聘任他为江苏省中医学校校长。
承淡安呕尽心血，培养后学，数十年来他的授业门生达数千人，函授学员逾万人，遍及国内各省和港澳、东南亚、欧美地区，为中国针灸事业的振兴和中国针灸走向世界做出了卓越的贡献。
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| 承淡安诊所 |
承淡安江苏省中医进修学校校长任命书 |
承淡安弟子在港澳及海外影响
三、主要著作
承淡安在教学医疗之余从事著述，毫不懈怠。他一生撰写论文数十篇，出版医著12种，译作4种，主要著作有《中国针灸治疗学》、《针灸治疗实验集》、《中国针灸学》、《校注十四经发挥》、《铜人经穴图考》、《针灸精华》、《伤寒论新注》等，为弘扬中国针灸提供了大量有价值的文献资料。
《中国针灸治疗学》是他编撰的具有代表性的一部针灸专著，成书于1928年，刊行于公元1931年。该书的主要特点就是能够将新旧学说融会贯通，大量引进近代生理学、病理学、解剖学知识，特别是在阐述腧穴定位时，既有现代解剖部位作解释，又有人体照片实录，使初学者易于掌握。书中还总结了二百多种疾病的针灸治疗方法，涉及内、外、妇、儿、五官等各科。
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| 《中国针灸治疗学》书影 |
《中国针灸学》书影 |
《校注十四经发挥》书影 |
四、 学术特点
（一）主张衷中参西，强调临床实践
承淡安认为中西医各有所长，亦各有所短。如何取长补短，相互充实与提高，是发展医学的正确方向。他所著《中国针灸治疗学》和《伤寒论新注》就充分体现出中西医结合的特色，被针灸界称为澄江学派。
（二）对针刺手法独具见解
承淡安对针刺操作，强调练习手法要狠下功夫，认为指下功夫深厚者，下针不痛，得气、行气操作自如，奏效迅速。因此，在教学中他把练习指力、手法规定为学生的必修课。
(三）重视针刺补泻手法
承淡安极重视补泻手法，他提出了多种不同的操作方法，区分各种不同的刺激量，以适应各种不同病症。
承淡安诊室治法准则
（四）对针灸器械力求革新
承淡安在30年代即应用电针灸，并试制皮内针、揿针、梅花针、艾条灸等，经临床试用肯定疗效后，才推广应用。目前这些针灸器具在国内外已广泛用于临床。
针灸专科教育 http://www.tcm-china.info/zjg/zjjyyjl/xxjy/71602.shtml
| 1929年，承淡安创办了无锡中国针灸学研究所，后来又创办了无锡中国针灸医学专门学校。自1933年11月起，承淡安首先在中国针灸学研究社内，附设了针灸实习科，招收各地学员，到学社内进行面授和针灸临床实习，实习时间五个月。开始了正规学校式专门教育的初步尝试。1935年承淡安从日本归来后，创办了中国近代针灸专业学校——“中国针灸讲习所”。明确规定学制，设有三月的速成班，六月的普通班和二年制的本科班。学员须有一定的医学知识和国文水平，经考试合格方可录取。讲习所开设了内经、经穴学、针科学、灸科学、针灸治疗学等系统的祖国医学方面的课程；为谋求中西之汇通，并保证能在当时国民教育中取得合法地位，特开设解剖、生理、病理、消毒及诊断学等西医课程。对二年制的本科生，还增设了难经、医论、伤寒、金匮等中医经典和经穴、点穴等专科，尚有国文、日文、体育诸课程，并实行严格的考试制度。到1937年2月，讲习所更名为“中国针灸医学专门学校”。
此外，华北人民政府卫生部所属华北卫生学校，于1948年冬天在河北平山县举办针灸班，普及针灸知识。
 中国针灸学研究社内外景 |
 中国针灸医学专门学校师生合影 |
 中国针灸学研究社实习生第一届毕业合影（1932年） |
 承淡安诊所（实习基地） |
Cheng Danan
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Cheng Danan (1898-1957).
Cheng Dan’an:a famous acupuncturist (1899-1957), who set up a society of acupuncture research and then a special school for training acupuncturists. His chief writings include the Zhong Guo Zhen Jiu Zhi Liao Xue (Chinese Acupuncture-Moxibustion Therapy), the Zhen Jiu Jing Hua (Quintessence of Acupuncture and Moxibustion),and the Zhong Guo Zhen Jiu Xue (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion).
“In the early 1930s, Cheng Danan, a Chinese scholar-physician, used Euroamerican anatomy to rehabilitate acupuncture as a respectable skill. In Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapeutics, Cheng (1932) insisted that acupuncture must be an effective medical therapy, because its mechanism of action was the stimulation of the nerves described in European medical theory. Cheng insisted that the acupuncture points be redefined in light of this insight; in his book, he repositioned them away from blood vessels (where previously they might have been used for bloodletting) and toward the nerve pathways. He illustrated his revisions by painting the new acupuncture pathways onto the skin of volunteers and then photographing them, a technique that gave his book a greater air of modernity and reflected the increasingly common use of photographic illustrations in European medical books of the time. Cheng’s new scientific acupuncture was a great success in China. His book went through many editions from 1930 to 1960, and he set up his own college of acupuncture. Cheng achieved such prominence in the Chinese medical community that after the Communist takeover in 1949, he was asked to serve on several national committees in charge of medical policy and education. Chengs work helped acupuncture regain sufficient credibility to be reincorporated into the teaching and practice of the new Chinese medicine. In the 1950s, however, Cheng abandoned his own earlier insistence that acupuncture must work through the nerves alone. Instead, he attributed its efficacy to the power of qi and the doctor-patient relationship, in addition to the physical stimulation of the nerves”.
Acupuncture and the Reinvention of Chinese Medicine. Andrews BJ. APS Bulletin. 1999;9(3).Cheng Danan. [Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion therapeutics] Zhongguo zhenjiu zhiliaoxue. Shanghai: Quanqingtang shuju. 1932. 1935 : un premier écho chinois d’une acupuncture française. Franzini S. Revue Française d’Acupuncture. 1992;70:21-4.
L’auteur fait une traduction et un commentaire d’un article chinois de 1935 de Cheng Danan, tiré du premier périodique chinois d’acupuncture, où il apparaît que l’acupuncture était alors menacée de disparition en Chine même, et que pour la défendre on s’est appuyé sur l’intérêt européen pour la discipline, tout particulièrement sur le travail de George Soulié de Morant.
Cheng Dan’an. Faguoren relie yanjiu Zhongguo zhi zhenjiu shu [engouement français pour l’acupuncture chinoise]. Zhenjiu zazhi [Revue d’acupuncture]. Wuxi; 1935;3(1):32-4.
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Acupuncture & Moxibustion Formulas & Treatments by Dan’An Cheng (Translator), Cheng Dan-An (Editor), Wu Ming (Translator), Ming Wu, Bob Flaws Publisher: Blue Poppy Press; 1 edition (January 1, 1996) ISBN: 0936185686 |
Cheng Dan-an was the single most important Chinese acupuncturist of the mid-20th century. He created the modern acupuncture college curriculum in China and rescued acupuncture and moxibustion from oblivion in its native land. As a teacher of many other famous teachers of acupuncture, such as the late Dr. James Tin Yau So, Cheng Dan-an is the father of modern Chinese acupuncture. This book is a collection of his formulas and treatments for a wide range of traditional Chinese diseases, such as cold damage, warm heat diseases, wind stroke, mania, diarrhea and dysentery, cough, phlegm rheum, panting & wheezing, the five accumulations, and more. This is a seminal book in the development of modern acupuncture which should not be overlooked by any Western practitioner. We chose to publish this book even though most Westerners have never heard of Cheng Dan-an because, if one does know a little something about the modern Chinese history of acupuncture, one has to know about the tremendous role Cheng played throughout the entire middle part of this century. This book can either be used as a stand alone treatment manual, or it can be read as a seminal transition text from premodern to modern Chinese acupuncture. In particular, students of Dr. James Tin Yao So in the early days of the New England School of Acupuncture will find this book extremely enlightening, since it is the source for many of their teacher’s treatments and ideas.
1- gera: 80046/di/ra
[CHENG DANAN (1898-1957) -A BRILLIANT PIONEER OF CHINA’S MODERN ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION. ZHAO ERKANG ET AL. chinese acupuncture and moxibustion.1989;9(5):46-8 (chi*).
2- gera: 65659/di/ra
[TALKING ABOUT QIGONG BY MR CHENG DAN-AN].LI JUN-LONG.qigong. 1991;12(8):357 (chi).
3- gera: 64631/di/ra
[ON FAMOUS ACUPUNCTURIST CHENG DANAN’S SCHOLARLY WORKS].LIN HUI ET AL.jiangsu journal of traditional chinese medicine. 1991;12(12):32 (chi).
4- gera: 152398/di/ra
[INTRODUCTION TO MR CHENG DAN-AN AND HIS WORKS].WANG Y, HUANG LX.acupuncture research. 2008;33(5):348-50 (chi).
Mr CHENG Dan-an is a famous educationist and acupuncturist in modern China. He established the earliest acupuncture correspondence institution named Chinese Research Society of Acu-moxibustion. Meanwhile he founded the earliest professional magazine, Journal of Acu-moxibustion which played an important role in promoting redevelopment of acu-moxibustion. Mr CHENG Dan-an wrote many famous works. Research on CHENG’sacademic thoughts and works will help a lot in knowing the development and evolution of modern acupuncturology in the period of the Republic of China. The present paper introduces it by the help of 7 books including Zhenjiu Zhiliao Xue (Chinese Acu-moxibustion Therapeutics).
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Virginia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
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